Thursday 19 September 2024

what is 'justice'?

There is the philosophy of justice:

Rawls further developed his two central principles for his discussion of justice. Together, they dictate that society should be structured so that the greatest possible amount of liberty is given to its members, limited only by the notion that the liberty of any one member shall not infringe upon that of any other member. Secondly, inequalities – either social or economic – are only to be allowed if the worst off will be better off than they might be under an equal distribution. Finally, if there is such a beneficial inequality, this inequality should not make it harder for those without resources to occupy positions of power – for instance, public office.[1]

A Theory of Justice - Wikipedia

With a very popular online course available:

Justice | Harvard University

Justice with Michael Sandel - YouTube

Justice: What's The Right Thing To Do? Episode 01 "THE MORAL SIDE OF MURDER" - YouTube

And there is the practice of justice:

Jay Doubleyou: restorative justice

Jay Doubleyou: crime and punishment

With experiments happening in Liverpool [from 2:36:00]

Today - 18/09/24 - BBC Sounds

Back to philosophy:

Prisoners should indeed suffer for the wrongs they have done, not only because locking them up keeps society safe, and not only because their suffering may deter future offenders, but also because it is better that they come to truly understand the error of their ways, even if they never step back into society afterwards. In bringing about the feelings of shame that attend moral insight, punishment can add moral knowledge to the world. And more knowledge is better than less.

On Retributive Punishment | Issue 163 | Philosophy Now

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Wednesday 11 September 2024

techno utopia + moore's law

Will technology save us?

Jay Doubleyou: will carbon capture and storage save us?

Jay Doubleyou: will innovation or government save us?

Jay Doubleyou: is technology going to save us?

Yes, technology is making things cheaper:

Digital Deflation: Tech Combats Inflation - Disruptive Competition Project

The Great AI Deflation Bomb

Do more with less: Using technology as a deflationary force in an inflationary economy - K3

Here's an understanding of how "technological progress works":

Moore’s Law is the observation that the number of transistors in an integrated circuit (IC) doubles about every two years. Moore's law is an observation and projection of a historical trend... Industry experts have not reached a consensus on exactly when Moore's law will cease to apply. Microprocessor architects report that semiconductor advancement has slowed industry-wide since around 2010, slightly below the pace predicted by Moore's law. In September 2022, Nvidia CEO Jensen Huang considered Moore's law dead,[2] while Intel CEO Pat Gelsinger was of the opposite view.[3]

Moore's law - Wikipedia

But maybe it's stopped working...

Techno Utopia is NOT happening, Moore's Law is Dead - YouTube

It's in the news:

Moore's Law - Google Search

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Tuesday 10 September 2024

world get over it day - and other 'days' of the year

Yes, there is a special day for everything:

Jeff Goldblatt is the one who created this holiday, and it was inspired by a time when he was struggling to get over the hurt from an ex-girlfriend.

National Get Over It Day (March 9th) | Days Of The Year

NATIONAL GET OVER IT DAY - March 9, 2025 - National Today

Here are a few more:

ESL Holiday Lessons: Lesson Plans for ESL / EFL

And still some more:

The wackiest, strangest holidays that have ever been celebrated - ABC7 New York

September 19: Talk Like a Pirate Day

International Talk Like a Pirate Day - Wikipedia

What sort of day would you want to celebrate?

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Monday 9 September 2024

why do some people believe bees shouldn't be able to fly?

Bees can clearly fly - but no one could understand why!

This Myth About Bees Is Scientifically Incorrect — Here's Why - Business Insider

With a nice little explanation from the BBC:

Bees should *NOT* be able to fly - BBC World Service #shorts - YouTube

Simon Barnes writing in the New European looks at why some people would prefer to stick with the idea that bees can't fly:

The bumblebee conundrum

Why do some people believe bees shouldn’t be able to fly? For the same reason others believe in Nessie or that climate change is a hoax 

It’s one of the most comforting ideas of our turbulent age: that according to science, bumblebees can’t fly. The 2007 film Bee Movie began: “According to all known laws of aviation, there is no way that a bee should be able to fly. Its wings are too small to get its fat body off the ground. The bee of course flies anyway. Because bees don’t care what humans think is impossible.”

The bumblebee conundrum - The New European

This is the 'bumblebee argument':

Bumblebee argument

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According to all known laws of aviation, there is no way a bee should be able to fly. Its wings are too small to get its fat little body off the ground. The bee, of course, flies anyway because bees don't care what humans think is impossible.
—Opening narration, The Bee Movie

The "bumblebee argument", or argumentum ad bombum, in pseudoscience, states that the laws of aerodynamics prove that the bumblebee can't fly, as it does not have the required capacity (in terms of wing area or flapping speed). Consequently, therefore, science can be shown to be in error, providing a loophole for pseudoscientific "explanations". Arguments like these are occasionally used by creationists to claim that it's impossible for bees to be a product of evolution,[note 1] though they're quite common in more general anti-science circles that like to cry "look at science, it knows nothing!"

Unfortunately (for the pseudoscientists), the laws of physics do not in any way forbid bumblebee flight; there are no papers that deny bumblebee flight, and no scientist has done so in a lecture, except, perhaps, ironically. To put it simply, it is possible to "prove" that a bumblebee cannot fly if you perform an extremely crude calculation (like forgetting to take into account things like the rate of flapping, the rotation of the wing, or the action of vortices), but a full aerodynamic calculation (to say nothing of getting all empirical and watching a bumblebee fly) will show that the bumblebee's flight works perfectly well.[note 2]



Bumblebee argument - RationalWiki

It seems clear that science has not proven that bumblebees cannot fly. This myth began after attempting to use the equations of aerodynamics, which beautifully describe the flight of manmade objects, to describe the flight of nature’s best aerialists, the insects. But when the differences between planes and bees are not accounted for it leaves one with the feeling that either science knows nothing or there is something magical about insect flight. Neither is true.

Scientists Report: Bumblebees Can’t Fly - The NESS

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Sunday 8 September 2024

keeping down teacher talking time

Teachers talk too much:

‘My brain leaves the room’: what happens when teachers talk too much?

How Much Should Teachers Talk in the Classroom? Much Less, Some Say

And it's a good idea to speak a little less, if a teacher is tired, or getting on ('old'!) or not feeling 100% - or in danger of burn out:

How to Combat "Teacher Tired"

Teacher burnout and how to avoid it - Education Support

Here's a useful bit of AI feedback from Google:

Here are some ways to reduce teacher talking time (TTT) and increase student talk time (STT): 
 
  • Use guiding questions: Instead of explaining, present examples and ask questions to help students discover answers on their own. 
     
  • Use pair or group work: This gives all students a chance to work on the material. 
     
  • Keep instructions short and simple: Avoid repeating instructions or asking lengthy questions. 
     
  • Use facial expressions: Use facial expressions to signal when you're making corrections. 
     
  • Don't be afraid of silence: Allow for periods of silence. 
     
  • Use other methods to transmit information: You can have students look something up, act it out, or draw pictures. 
     
  • Use interactive activities: Use mini whiteboards, classroom polling apps, mind mapping, or annotating diagrams. 
     
  • Check learning: Use quizzes or other ways to check student learning. 
     
The ideal ratio of STT to TTT depends on the level of students, but it's typically around 70-75% of the lesson dedicated to STT. 
 
 

keeping down teacher talking time - Google Search

Here's an excellent 'list':

  • The horseshoe – students sit in an arch shape. This makes it easy for students to interact with partners on each side. They can also see their classmates across the room when they speak instead of staring at the backs of heads.
  • Groups of 4 – students sit in groups of 4, facing one another. The teacher is able to walk around the groups instead of always standing at the front of the room.
  • Peer teaching – provide opportunities for students to help other students by summarizing, paraphrasing, and reteaching material. During a peer teaching activity, your role as a teacher is to monitor the activity and make corrections. Peer teaching can happen at the end of a grammar presentation, lesson, or unit as a review.
  • Walk around your classroom – by not always standing in front of the classroom, you create a learning environment where anyone can participate and lead. Walking around the classroom also reminds you to listen more and speak less.

How to Reduce TTT in the English Classroom - ESL Teacher 365

And here's another set of ideas:

Guiding students to regularly direct their own discussions brings academic rewards as they gain confidence working independently on challenging tasks.

When it comes to teaching literacy skills, for example, Filler notes that research shows students benefit the most from frequent, direct engagement with challenging texts

A “Progression of Talk” chart, for example, provides students with a series of steps they can take during a conversation to ensure that comments are relevant, build on what was previously said, and provide room for clarifying arguments, disagreements, and elaboration.

Think-Pair-Share is a simple alternative that gets students dwelling on a particular topic or question and independently coming up with as many ideas or insights as they can.