Monday, 12 April 2021

learning a language is good for your brain

There are lots of reasons for learning another language:

Jay Doubleyou: 34 unobvious benefits of learning a second language

Most of the lists put 'boosting brain power' at the top:

Benefits of Learning a Second Language: 17 Mind-Blowing Reasons to Learn a Language, Backed by Science

Top 10 Benefits of Learning a Foreign Language

In fact, learning a foreign language is good on many counts when it comes to brain power:

How a second language can boost the brain

Learning a New Language at Any Age Helps the Brain | Live Science

How does learning a second language impact the brain and cognitive ability? | Berlitz

‘The cognitive benefits of learning a language’ in two minutes | The British Academy

Speaking two languages may help the aging brain - The Washington Post

Here's a good list:

compared to people that speak one language, adults who speak multiple languages are more likely to: 

  • Have greater general intelligence (6)
  • Have superior overall cognitive abilities (7)
  • Be better at planning, prioritizing, and decision-making (8)
  • Score higher on standardized math, reading, and vocabulary tests (9)
  • Be more perceptive of their surroundings
  • Avoid falling for marketing hype
  • Understand others’ points of view (10)
  • Have better focus, concentration, and attention (11)
  • Delay immediate gratification in the pursuit of long-term goals (12)
  • Have better memory and memorization skills (13)
  • Exhibit mental flexibility (14)
  • Be better at prioritizing tasks and working on multiple projects at one time (15)
  • Be better at remembering lists, names, and directions (16)
  • Have a better understanding of their native language
  • Be more creative (17)
  • Have good listening skills (18)
  • Make more rational decisions including better financial decisions (19)

The Brain Benefits of Learning a Second Language | Be Brain Fit

This is from the Guardian reporting on a Swedish study from 2014:

What happens in the brain when you learn a language?

Scans and neuroscience are helping scientists understand what happens to the brain when you learn a second language

Learning a foreign language can increase the size of your brain. This is what Swedish scientists discovered when they used brain scans to monitor what happens when someone learns a second language.

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Kara Morgan-Short, a professor at the University of Illinois at Chicago, uses electrophysiology to examine the inner workings of the brain. She and her colleagues taught second-language learners to speak an artificial language – a miniature language constructed by linguists to test claims about language learnability in a controlled way. In their experiment, one group of volunteers learned through explanations of the rules of the language, while a second group learned by being immersed in the language, similar to how we all learn our native languages. While all of their participants learned, it was the immersed learners whose brain processes were most like those of native speakers.

What happens in the brain when you learn a language? | Education | The Guardian

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Friday, 9 April 2021

solarpunk 2021

This is an aesthetic movement – which has become a cultural and political one.

And it's gaining a lot of interest – and a lot of ground, in many different spheres.

This is where it's at now:

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SCIENCE FICTION – BUILDING UTOPIAS:

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Here's a view from a book-lover's website:.

AN INTRODUCTION TO THE SOLARPUNK GENRE

Emily Wenstrom Mar 23, 2021

While a great deal of science fiction involves gloom, doom, and cynicism about humanity’s fate (Apocalypse! Dystopia! Grimdark!), there are bright spots of optimism within the genre. Meet solarpunk.

WHAT IS SOLARPUNK?

The overall vibe of the solarpunk genre is often described as inspired by Art Nouveau, Victorian, and Afrofuturist motifs. Illustrations of solarpunk landscapes often look hypermodern, light, airy, and colorful, but can also be rich in elegant detail. Most of all, everything is so, so green. Just covered in leaves. 

Along with this visual style, the spirit of solarpunk is one of craftsmanship, egalitarianism, and optimism where technology can be put to work to solve our greatest problems.

The first mentions of solarpunk trace back to the late 2000s, but the sub-genre became more widely recognized thanks to the Tumblr of Miss Olivia Louise, who frequently posted images that reflect what’s become recognized as the solarpunk aesthetic, and had a post in this style and explaining it go viral in 2014.

An Introduction to The Solarpunk Genre | Book Riot

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With a new book just out:

Arizona State University’s Free Solarpunk Anthology is All About Optimistic Futures

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HI-TECH – LO-TECH:

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Here's the perspective from “the online community for startups and tech companies“:

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SOLARPUNK IS A TUMBLR VIBE. IT’S ALSO A PRACTICAL MOVEMENT.

Stephen Gossett February 2, 2021 Updated: March 24, 2021

The sunny, internet-born aesthetic continues to evolve online. What does that mean IRL?

Scan the #solarpunk hashtag on Tumblr or the 30,000-plus-member r/solarpunk subreddit and you’ll likely encounter several examples of a certain subgenre of architectural rendering: dramatically geometric towers dotted with rooftop forests or tree-sprouting condos, far easier imagined than built. Or you might see the 3D-art cousin to such renderings — grander and greener still.

So why, when I ask Jay Springett — longtime co-administrator of solarpunks.net — about what solarpunk looks like in practice, does he talk about an old phone box that was converted into a seed library?

That wouldn’t be out of place in a solarpunk story,” Springett said. “But also it’s real life”

The humble example gets to the true crux of solarpunk. It centers ecological responsibility, and it maintains a fundamentally DIY impulse — community-minded, self-sustaining and, importantly, hopeful.

Over the last six or so years, solarpunk has graduated from an aesthetic to something more akin to a practical movement, but it began in earnest primarily as a visual vocabulary and literary subgenre of science fiction. The “punk” suffix places it in a sci-fi lineage that includes dieselpunk, steampunk and cyberpunk, but the vision and iconography of solarpunk is dramatically different.

In fact, Solarpunk is often framed specifically in opposition to cyberpunk. Blade Runner and its brethren envisioned a dystopian singularity and, as Springett has noted, were rooted in the anxieties of the 1980s — urban decay, monolithic corporatism and, in sadly xenophobic streaks, Asia’s growing influence. Solarpunk, on the other hand, imagines a world in which today’s existential threat — the climate crisis — is either resolved or being approached with camaraderie and adaptive ingenuity.

In fiction, protagonists might be working to rewild an Australian suburb in the near future, or competing factions in a devastated landscape might be uniting to disseminate sustainable innovations. Cover art often favors the lush greenery and plant-like curves of Art Nouveau. It’s not all unmitigated harmony — this is fiction, after all, with narrative tension and dramatic obstacles. Still, a resolute sense of optimism pervades.

In the words of preeminent solarpunk thinker Rhys Williams, solarpunk stands “against a shitty future.” The planet is on the clock, and there’s just no time for fashionable pessimism, it implies.

Because the climate anxiety the literary subgenre engages is so palpable in the real world — “science fiction is really about now,” as Margaret Atwood has said — solarpunk has come to encompass a practical movement and subculture too. It considers how technology, sustainable agriculture and reoriented social and economic systems might help communities grapple with a world besieged by climate threats.

Like solarpunk the aesthetic, solarpunk the movement can seem almost collagist in its wide-ranging scope. Renewable energies, solar power, rainwater harvesting, DIY community gardening, decentralized technologies and more all fit into the framework — though never uncritically. Any ethically sourced, community-focused solution that might stand resilient in the face of natural or manmade disaster will likely get a look.

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What Does Solarpunk Look Like in Practice? | Built In

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With a view from a website whichchronicles technological progress by highlighting the breakthroughs, players, and issues shaping the future“:

Solarpunk Is Growing a Gorgeous New World in the Cracks of the Old One

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SUSTAINABILITY AND RESILIENCE:

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Here's how it looks from the “Red, Green and Blue” website:

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Why “Solarpunk” Gives Me Hope for a More Sustainable Future

Minimum Viable Planet” is a weeklyish commentary about climateish stuff, and how to keep it together in a world gone mad.

BY SARAH LAZAROVIC | Published on February 6th, 2021

One of my most oft-repeated climate maxims is “paint the positive future.” We need to visualize what a sustainable, decarbonized world looks like if we’re going to get people excited about climate action (cue jazz hands and zero-carbon fireworks). But while there are a few great examples hither and thither, these positive visions of the future are not as plentiful as they ought to be...

The point of solarpunk is to start telling that new, creative story. Illustrating a world where humans don’t live in opposition to nature, and where we also don’t forfeit the advancements of modern life, but instead flourish in harmony with the environment. The air is clean because we’ve decarbonized. The soil is healthy, people are healthy, communities are healthy. Food tastes better. People are happier. Technology facilitates life without undermining it. There is no fascism, racism, or autotune. The whole world is thriving to a catchy beat. (And everyone is dancing all the time. OK, that part’s just me.)

My solarpunk is a mix of kibbutz, absurdist art, rooftop gardens, mangroves, and Mary Poppins. But seeing my daughter’s epic Minecraft creations (a waterfall inside the house?), I realize how limited I’ve been in envisioning this positive, sustainable future. In-home renewable hydropower waterfalls for everyone. And fizzy water on tap. Can the future please have carbonated drinking fountains?

Why “Solarpunk” gives me hope for a more sustainable future | Red, Green, and Blue  

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Here's a piece from a freethinking science and tech website – with lots of links:

What Does a Solarpunk Future Look Like? | Freethink 

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IT'S HAPPENING INTERNATIONALLY:

Future Fiction propone un contest sul Solarpunk – InfoNerd

Taller Online: Introducción al Solarpunk - La Opinión de Zamora

Technologie s dračí tváří. Solarpunková utopie pro dnešní svět – A2larm

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And it's happening in a place near you NOW:

Arts project to set out how St Helens could look way into the future | St Helens Star

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Tuesday, 6 April 2021

the growing international demand for english teachers

Writing in the EL Gazette, Melanie Bulter looks at the growing international market for TEFL/TESOL:

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Why teachers should look beyond Europe 

Is teaching English still a good career choice? That’s a good question, especially if you’re British and looking at the complicated visa situation for those hoping to work in Europe after Brexit (Irish teachers, by contrast, will find themselves in huge demand in a market that still privileges white native speakers).

However, Europe isn’t the only destination. Demand for proficiency in English is a growing worldwide market. As the most-spoken language in the world, with 1.35 billion speakers (including native and further-language speakers), its usefulness fuels itself: to get ahead in a number of fields, including tourism, and science and technology, it’s necessary to have a good command of English.

European countries already have the highest proficiency of English as a further language, according to the latest English Proficiency Index compiled by Education First. The Dutch and the Scandinavians are at the top of the tree, but even the Latin countries, such as Spain and Italy, long the biggest market for teachers, are fast catching up. These results are apparent not just on the EF rankings, which is based on an exam that only tests speaking and listening, but also in the 2019 results for the TOEFL exam, which tests all four skills (ie, including reading and writing) and is widely used for university entrance. 

On both exams, Asia stands out as the region with one of the widest ranges of proficiency. EF has Singapore sitting at 10th place globally, with Thailand way down at 89th and happy to welcome teachers, both native and non-native speakers, as long as they have a degree.

Coming in at 100th place on the EF index is Tajikistan, where the (quite limited number of) schools are keen to attract English teachers, so they offer a generous (for Tajikistan) salary and benefits package. The schools there will help you navigate the substantial paperwork required to work in the country, but for a fascinating experience abroad, this could be for you. In other words, as the demand for English grows, so too does the demand for English teachers.

Why teachers should look beyond Europe  | E L Gazette

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Others are saying it too:

How Large Is The Job Market for English Teachers Abroad?

What Countries Need English Teachers? | GoAbroad.com

Top 10 Countries for Teaching English Abroad in 2021 [Updated]

How To Leverage The Rising Demand For English Teachers Around The World

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Saturday, 3 April 2021

the importance of images in learning

Images are used all the time in teaching:

Using Pictures in the ESL Classroom | TESOL Blog

50 Ways To Use Images In The ELT Classroom - EFL 2.0 Teacher Talk

The Best Ways To Use Photos In Lessons | Larry Ferlazzo's Websites of the Day...

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They can also be used in 'higher-order thinking':

To HOTs or Not? Higher Order Thinking for ELLs | TESOL Blog

TESOL Connections - January 2019

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This piece from the Times Higher Education supplement is also relevant for TESOL/TEFL education:

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Let’s implement a ‘slow picture’ revolution in online teaching

Despite evidence that images can support higher-level thinking, their application is still marginalised, say Nataša Lacković and Zoe Hurley

March 26, 2021

In his book Thinking, Fast and Slow, the Nobel prizewinner Daniel Kahneman argues that we think in two key modes – automatic and effortful – or, in other words, fast (non-voluntary) and slow (attentional). It is, of course, the latter that has particular significance for teaching and learning in higher education.

Online teaching can, and maybe should, be formulated to encourage students to engage in slow thinking via online media. This kind of thinking happens when learners are asked to interpret, analyse, write or discuss online content such as academic articles and posts. But what about images?

A body of research and theory supports a decades-long argument about the persuasiveconsent-inducing and consciousness-shaping influence that images have in modern digital media. Images also play important roles in science learning. 

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Applying “effortful” visual thinking in online teaching could even counter the non-stop acceleration of visual technology and media consumption. It also challenges a stereotypical view of images as “just for fun” or “artsy” and therefore unsuitable for “serious learning”. Importing and pausing visual media for conversational analysis provides an antidote to today’s almost unavoidable picture binging through film and other entertainment media.

We’ve now had various slow movements, from “slow food” to “slow fashion”. Let’s add “slow pictures” to the list and finally, truly, let pictures be worth a thousand words.

Let’s implement a ‘slow picture’ revolution in online teaching | Times Higher Education (THE)

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Monday, 29 March 2021

learning pods - the future

 This is from a recent piece in the New Yorker:

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Why Learning Pods Might Outlast the Pandemic

By Lizzie Widdicombe March 14, 2021

Learning pods have played a fraught role in the covid era. When the concept surfaced, a few weeks into the pandemic, it seemed to epitomize the worst elements of this crisis: the way it has cleaved the haves from the have-nots, and has set the have-lots adrift on luxury lifeboats of obscene privilege. There were reports of parents shelling out a hundred and twenty-five thousand dollars a year to hire a tutor for their kids. But, as time and the virus have worn on, the concept of pod learning has expanded to include everything from home schools to babysitter shares and informal group Zoom sessions—the wide range of things that working parents are doing to occupy their children.

Why Learning Pods Might Outlast the Pandemic | The New Yorker

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They're very popular in the States - and are indeed looking to the future of education:

Learning Pods

Learning Pods During Coronavirus Explained - The New York Times

Learning Pods Tracker | Center on Reinventing Public Education

What Are Coronavirus School Pods? | POPSUGAR UK Parenting

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But there are issues:

Can You Form Homeschooling Pods and Microschools in an Equitable Way?

Learning ‘pods’: a new solution to the coronavirus school crisis | Coronavirus pandemic News | Al Jazeera

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Here's an explanation:

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Micro-schools, pods, pandemic pods, and learning pods all refer to the same concept, one that is pretty easy to understand: students gathering together in a small group – with adult supervision – to learn, explore, and socialize. Usually, pods are formed when families in a neighborhood or vicinity bring children similar in age group together.

National School Choice Week

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Here's an excellent report on the phenomenon from the BBC:

Coronavirus: How pandemic pods and zutors are changing home-schooling - BBC News

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There are also possibilities growing for the UK:

Can I Start A Pandemic Learning Pod To Teach My Child During Lockdown? - The Education Hotel

Learning Pods – More Than A Mobile Classroom – A mobile classroom for the flexibility to show, teach or test wherever you need to – office, shop or factory.

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What about in other countries?

Scuola e coronavirus: cosa sono i learning pod?


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Sunday, 28 March 2021

how to recycle a building

We can ‘recycle’ our buildings, with a look at what’s happening in Switzerland on the BBC World Service:

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People Fixing the World

How to reuse a demolished building

Is it possible to construct a new building, just by reusing materials from homes and offices that have been knocked down? That’s the dream of a pioneering Swiss architect Barbara Buser, who trains specialist treasure hunters to track down everything from window frames to steel beams for her buildings. People Fixing the World finds out about her latest project, which is made of 70% reused material. We ask whether Barbara’s approach, which has a much lower carbon footprint than building with new material, can take off around the world.

People Fixing the World – How to reuse a demolished building – BBC Sounds

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Here’s Barbara Buser’s company in Switzerland:

baubüro in situ

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Last year Barbara Bauer won a prize:

Artist, curator and architects win the Swiss Grand Award for Art – SWI swissinfo.ch

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Urban mining is the future of the construction industry:

“We have no choice. Our resources are waning. Some materials just won’t last forever.”

The recyclable building site of the future – SWI swissinfo.ch

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Saturday, 27 March 2021

this gig-work market wouldn’t be run for profit but to facilitate local economic exchange


The 'gig' economy is now everywhere:

Pre-pandemic, 35% of adults were reliant on uncertain employment. In 2021 that could be 50%...

Employment is fragmenting. Odd hours of work through platforms like Uber are just the tip of an iceberg. Tens of millions of corporate W2 employees don’t know next week’s hours or pay. Ad-hoc work in the informal economy is bigger than “gigging” through platforms.

Beyond Jobs

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Last month in the UK, a Supreme Court ruling declaring that Uber drivers are workers who are entitled to benefits "sent shockwaves across the gig economy":

Is this the moment of reckoning for the gig economy? | Evening Standard


And in California, similar moves have happened:

Gig workers are independent contractors, online platform workers,[1] contract firm workers, on-call workers[2] and temporary workers.[3] Gig workers enter into formal agreements with on-demand companies to provide services to the company's clients.[4]

In many countries, the legal classification of gig workers is still being debated, with companies classifying their workers as "independent contractors" while labor advocates have been lobbying for them to be classified as "employees", which would legally require companies to provide the full suite of employee benefits (time-and-a-half for overtime, paid sick time, employer-provided health care, bargaining rights, and unemployment insurance - among others). In 2020, the voters in California approved Proposition 22, which created a third worker classification whereby gig-worker-drivers are classified as contractors, but get some benefits (minimum wage, mileage reimbursement, and others.)

Gig worker - Wikipedia

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This is how a piece in the latest New Yorker starts:

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Should Gig Work Be Government-Run?

The labor reformer Wingham Rowan wants to reimagine labor markets for the digital age.

By Nick Romeo

March 23, 2021

Last October, the East Bay Economic Development Alliance, a nonprofit in Oakland, California, hosted a virtual event called “Beyond the Gig Economy.” The Presidential election was a week away, and a new law on the ballot, Proposition 22, promised to affect the fate of many of California’s gig workers. In 2019, the state’s legislature had reclassified some part-time and gig workers—including drivers for services such as Uber, Lyft, and DoorDash—as employees, rather than contractors. This would entitle them to paid sick leave, a guaranteed minimum wage, and other benefits. But Prop. 22, which had been crafted by the gig-work platforms, made app-based companies exempt from the new rule. Work part time as a nurse in a doctor’s office, and you’d get benefits; drive part time for Uber, and you wouldn’t.

Throughout the fall, Prop. 22 had been a subject of intense debate. The gig-work companies argued that, if it didn’t pass, prices would go up; they threatened to take away workers’ flexible schedules. Gig workers, labor unions, and Democratic politicians, meanwhile, contended that the platforms were impoverishing their workers, dismissed as a false choice the trade-off between flexibility and benefits, and cautioned against setting a legal precedent for other states. It was the costliest ballot measure fight in California history, with the gig platforms pouring more than two hundred million dollars into the campaign for Prop. 22—outspending their opponents ten to one. The mood in California’s progressive circles was grim.

The invited speaker at that morning’s event, a British policy entrepreneur named Wingham Rowan, maintained that the real battle lay elsewhere. Sixty years old, with dark hair, a lean face, and glasses, Rowan has a youthful affect and a quick wit honed through a career as a TV host. He called Proposition 22 a “tempest in a teapot”—“a sideshow”—and told the audience not to think of it as “some sort of endgame in the fight for precarious workers’ rights.” During a data-dense presentation, he outlined eight major challenges faced by gig workers: misclassification, lack of benefits, no progression, high worker overhead, misleading promises from employers, sudden market closures, pay cuts, and having an algorithm as a boss. He said that defeating Prop. 22 would solve only the first issue, part of the second, and maybe the fourth, then offered an ambitious plan that he thought could address all eight.

Rowan’s idea is to create markets for gig work that are run as public utilities, by non-profits and governments. Instead of getting work through a private company, such as Uber, a job seeker in Rowan’s system could use a Web site or app overseen by the government and regulated to promote the public interest. Many kinds of work could be offered through such public platforms, not just driving. The platforms could be run on open-source software, such as the system that has been built by his nonprofit, Modern Markets for All; private companies might bid to operate them, following the concession model currently used in national lotteries and parks. Such an approach wouldn’t use regulation to hobble the gig-work Goliaths. It would compete with them, combining many gig-work options into a broader labor market designed to benefit workers and the public.

“What does a really healthy hourly labor market look like in the twenty-first century?” Rowan asked the Zoom’s participants, from his book-lined office in London. As he enumerated such a market’s optimal features—the power to draw economic activity out of the informal economy; minimal transaction fees; responsiveness not just to labor laws but to workers’ ultimate goals, which might include education and training—it became clear what he was not imagining. “Everything I just described does not add up to a sizzling Silicon Valley investment opportunity,” he said. “It’s a public utility.”

Rowan offered an example of the sort of transaction that might be conducted on publicly run gig-work software. Suppose that you were Oakland’s city government, and you were in search of window-washers. “If you wanted to know how many people did window-cleaning bookings on a Tuesday morning, within three miles of Oakland City Hall, where the worker was under twenty-six and had previously been in the services, it will tell you,” he said, of the software. “If you want to compare their earnings to classroom assistants, working part time, on the eastern side of town, it will do that for you. You gain huge pools of actionable data that can be used to plot interventions, find the strugglers who need help.” Citizens could use the same software to book child care, yard work, tutoring, or bike repair, and to buy or rent appliances, vehicles, and living space. As on Uber, buyers and sellers would accumulate reliability records; unlike on Uber, features such as health-care contributions and retirement benefits could be built in. This gig-work market wouldn’t be run for profit but to facilitate local economic exchange. “You can have it for the East Bay tomorrow,” Rowan said, of the core software.

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Should Gig Work Be Government-Run? | The New Yorker

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Here is more from the Guardian in 2015:

One man’s quest to meld Adam Smith and Marx – by creating an Uber for jobs | Work & careers | The Guardian

And here he is doing a TED Talk:

Wingham Rowan: A new kind of job market | TED Talk

Here's his website:

3-minute read « Beyond Jobs

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