Sunday 31 December 2023

the future of ai and english language teaching

Teachers, students and others working in languages are using AI more and more:

Jay Doubleyou: chat gpt in teaching/learning/working with english

Jay Doubleyou: learning english online - a massively growing market

The British Council has just put a report together looking at the use of AI in ELT: "Artificial Intelligence and English language teaching"

Here are a few highlights:

A British Council survey of English-language teachers in 118 countries finds that most teachers are already using some kind of AI-powered tool

Teachers believe AI offers benefits in terms of their instructional capabilities and also students’ ability to learn, but they are also concerned about over-reliance on AI

Most do not feel they have been provided enough training to incorporate AI into their work

Global survey says English teachers are both enthusiastic and concerned about AI | monitor.icef.com

The British Council have also summarised their findings on their Teaching English website:

How is artificial intelligence (AI) being used for English language teaching and learning (ELT/L) worldwide? What are the opportunities, issues, and challenges? Educational technology experts working with the British Council looked at the current literature and consulted a range of people to understand their views on this subject.

Artificial intelligence and English language teaching: Preparing for the future | TeachingEnglish | British Council

This is from a longer look by Lauren Billings writing in the EL Gazette this month:

In the Council’s talks with key stakeholders, the majority believe AI will not replace the need for human teachers. Instead, they see AI as aiding teachers, and say more analysis needs to be done on which tasks should be delegated to AI or humans. What AI means in this context, however, is unclear, as experts also believe there isn’t a widely understood definition, with more work needed to create one.

Preparing for the future: new report on the impact of AI in ELT - E L Gazette

Finally, here's a finding from PIE News looking closely at the report which might have geopolitical consequences:

In terms of literature, 19% of articles on AI in ELT have come from China, with 72% coming from Asia as a continent.

“It’s a massive swing. The superpowers in AI are the US, China and Europe, but the latter is probably a fair bit behind those two. That swing to China specifically, for policymakers, especially in the US and the UK, is quite a big thing, really. It highlights the amount of investment that the Chinese are putting into it,” Adam Edmett, one of the report’s authors and the British Council’s head of edtech innovation told The PIE News.

Asia leading charge on AI ELT research

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Saturday 9 December 2023

babies learn from sing-song speech

'Baby talk' is good for our language learning!

Speaking to babies in ‘sing-song’ speech – such as nursery rhymes – is the best way for them to learn how to talk, according to a new study. Linguists have long considered phonetics – the smallest sound elements of speech, typically represented by the alphabet – to be the foundation of language.

Babies Learn Language Best Through 'Sing-Song' Speech, Study Shows - Zenger News

As reported in the press:

Parents should speak to babies in sing-song speech to help them learn languages - Latest From ITV News

Speaking to babies in sing-song speech ‘helps them learn language’ | The Independent

Why nursery rhymes are best for your child's brain: Speaking in a sing-song voice helps babies to learn language, study finds | Daily Mail Online

Babies: Their Wonderful World - Exploring the science behind 'baby talk' - BBC Tiny Happy People

And here's some of the neuroscience:

Contrary to the belief that phonetic information is the foundation of language, this study reveals that rhythmic speech plays a crucial role in language acquisition during a child’s first months. Phonetic information is not reliably processed until around seven months of age, whereas rhythmic information helps babies recognize word boundaries from the start.

The study sheds light on language learning and its relation to dyslexia and developmental language disorders.

Key Facts:

  1. Babies learn language more effectively through rhythmic speech, emphasizing word boundaries.
  2. Phonetic information is not fully processed until around seven months of age.
  3. Rhythmic information is a universal aspect of all languages and aids language development.
Source: University of Cambridge

Babies Learn Language Best Through Sing-Song Speech, Not Phonetics - Neuroscience News

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Friday 8 December 2023

the politics of language part three

In 2014 the subject was considered:

Jay Doubleyou: the politics of language

In 2021 this subject was considered:

Jay Doubleyou: the politics of language

Here's more...

But first, a real wordsmith died yesterday:

Benjamin Zephaniah: Writer, poet and Peaky Blinders actor dies aged 65 - BBC News

What is 'correct English? Or 'correct French'? It's politically fraught!

Jay Doubleyou: translating with an accent

Jay Doubleyou: what are the new words in languages around the world?

Jay Doubleyou: no language is set in amber

Jay Doubleyou: the english-speaking world: west africa

Jay Doubleyou: what is a 'native speaker' of english? the issue of race...

Jay Doubleyou: eurish

Jay Doubleyou: why the urban dictionary is so good

When is a language a language and not a dialect?

Jay Doubleyou: idiolect vs dialect

Jay Doubleyou: imposing one language on china

What bits of language are forbidden in the English speaking world?

Jay Doubleyou: banning books, the school curriculum and critical race theory in the united states

Jay Doubleyou: register: populism, culture wars and woke

Jay Doubleyou: why giving a welsh park a welsh name is problematic - or not

In what way is class or other identities a barrier to the use of language?

Jay Doubleyou: oracy

Jay Doubleyou: upgrade english for speakers of other languages in the uk

Jay Doubleyou: "poetry in the classroom: some kids i taught and what they taught me": three years on

Jay Doubleyou: learning to use the appropriate register @ fawlty towers

Do different nationalities use language differently?

Jay Doubleyou: british vs german humour

Jay Doubleyou: what are the elements of 'british humour'?

Language is at the heart of propaganda:

Jay Doubleyou: the propaganda wars today

Jay Doubleyou: information wars in america, russia and ukraine

Language is at the heart of wars:

Jay Doubleyou: language in ukraine: language maps

Jay Doubleyou: language and politics in ukraine

Jay Doubleyou: linguistic segregation vs a common language in the former yugoslavia

Language is at the heart of politics:

Jay Doubleyou: ambiguity in politics - part two

Jay Doubleyou: how to spot media bias

Jay Doubleyou: linguistic relativism

In the UK:

Jay Doubleyou: the language of brexit

Jay Doubleyou: english as a european language

Jay Doubleyou: global britain: seeing the languages of immigrants as an asset to be nurtured

Jay Doubleyou: english as a lingua franca in post-brexit europe

And in the United States too:

Jay Doubleyou: the language of donald trump

Jay Doubleyou: register: populism, culture wars and woke

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Tuesday 5 December 2023

science, technology and philosophy

SCIENCE:

There are lots of ways to access and explore different aspects of science:

Jay Doubleyou: more animation at ted talks

Jay Doubleyou: science museum london

On all sorts of subjects:

Jay Doubleyou: a critique of psychology

Jay Doubleyou: cognitive science and developmental neuroscience

Jay Doubleyou: women and science

With an example of a very different aspect:

Jay Doubleyou: the cat that walked by himself

Jay Doubleyou: just so stories

And another example:

Jay Doubleyou: the church of the flying spaghetti monster

TECHNOLOGY:

And there are lots of places to explore technology:

Jay Doubleyou: futures on the bbc

And lots of themes too:

Jay Doubleyou: chat gpt in teaching/learning/working with english

Jay Doubleyou: smartphones in the english language classroom

Jay Doubleyou: gamification is everywhere

Jay Doubleyou: can children teach themselves - using technology?

With more:

Jay Doubleyou: how green are electric cars?

Jay Doubleyou: crypto currencies in the news

Jay Doubleyou: how to recycle a building

Jay Doubleyou: form vs function

It can get a bit funny:

Jay Doubleyou: open the door!

PHILOSOPHY:

A lot of the issues  touch on philosophy:

Jay Doubleyou: ivan illich: schooling, technology, and culture

Jay Doubleyou: does technology make us more un/equal?

Jay Doubleyou: is technology going to save us?

Jay Doubleyou: tinkering school

And:

Jay Doubleyou: the great divergence

And:

Jay Doubleyou: how has technology changed us?

Which leads to:

BBC Radio 4 - In Our Time

In Our Time - Bergson and Time - BBC Sounds

BBC Radio 4 - A History of Ideas

BBC Radio 4 - A History of Ideas, Physicist Tara Shears on Falsification, Karl Popper's Falsification

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Monday 4 December 2023

giving a presentation about your favourite sport

How can we talk about sport in an interesting and engaging way?

Jay Doubleyou: football and poetry

Jay Doubleyou: sport and history

Let's take boxing.

Firstly, we need to create some sort of structure:

1: history 2: rules/equipment 3: countries 4: lifestyle/training/celebrities 5: popular sport 6: championships

Then we need to do some research:


Boxing - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Ancient Greek boxing - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

How much of it is 'propaganda' and how useful is it?

A look at the history of boxing in Saudi Arabia | Arab News

How many 'controversial topics' will you look at?

Why are Muslim Men Dominating UFC and Boxing? - YouTube

Are videos useful?

A Brief History of Boxing and the Muscles Used - YouTube

How much detail do you need?

Boxing - Wikipedia

For example:

Bare-knuckle boxing - Wikipedia

Broughton Rules - Wikipedia

London Prize Ring Rules - Wikipedia

Marquess of Queensberry Rules - Wikipedia

If you want to keep a non-expert audience interested, what can you show them?

Boxing Highlights TV - YouTube

famous boxing matches - Google Search

And what would be your conclusion or summary?

And how would you handle the Q&As?

Enjoy!

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Sunday 3 December 2023

eurish

English is of course spoken across Europe:

English language in Europe - Wikipedia

And in the meantime, a language is emerging that is spoken across the continent but not in 'English speaking countries': 

It is mostly used among EU staff, expatriates and migrants from EU countries, young international travellers (such as exchange students in the EU's Erasmus programme) and European diplomats with a lower proficiency in the language.

Euro English - Wikipedia

This started about a decade ago:

Eurish has developed a grammar of its own

Do you speak Eurish? EU has its own language that's far too difficult | World | News | Express.co.uk

And now after Brexit:

One feature is the European uncountable noun — singular in native-speaker English but plural in Eurish: “he received feedbacks”, “we have a lot of informations” and “we are producing online contents”.

There are other Eurish differences. I have heard both Germans and Italians say “we discussed about” rather than “we discussed”. “I will answer to your question” is common in many European discussions. Writing in the World Englishes journal, Mr Modiano adds others: “I am coming from Spain” rather than “I come from Spain” and “We were five people at the party” rather than “There were five people at the party”.

Continental Europeans are increasingly unworried about what Brits think of their developing English.

The evolution of Eurish - Marginal REVOLUTION

Europe speaks its own post-Brexit English

Here's a look at the differences:

Preliminary observations on the differences between Eurish, Globish and “natural” English

With the full piece here:

ECA Subject Brief

The New European's Francis Beckett writes in the latest issue:

But at least, surely, English remains the language in which the European institutions work?

Well, in a sense. The language in which the commission does its business, in which meetings are held and all official documents are written, looks every year less and less like the language you and I speak.

The British staffers used to protect it, to point out gently that this or that construction might sound fine in French or Spanish but it wouldn’t do in the language of Shakespeare. But they are no longer there, and of the two remaining Anglophone nations, Ireland has chosen to nominate Gaelic as its official language, and Malta has nominated Maltese.

So a new language is developing, which may eventually be related to English only in the way that Yiddish is related to German, or Niçois to Italian. It is developing just as a new language always develops, by using English words in French, Spanish or Italian constructions, and by importing words from European languages. I’d be tempted to call it Eurish.

In Eurish, you do not attend a meeting; you assist a meeting, because the French word assister means attend. You don’t plan a project, you have a planification. A deposit is a caution (because it is in French.) Spanish has contributed “a planning” for a schedule, “formation” for education, and “actually” for currently.

More are added each year.

Replacing English as the commission’s working language would be difficult. But the French are taking the commission to court over certain examinations for commission posts being in English only; and increasingly it’s Eurish anyway.

Brexit has wiped Britain off the map - The New European

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Saturday 2 December 2023

translating with an accent

What should a translations sound like?

They should certainly reflect the original - which will included dialect and accent:

Translation is a tough enough discipline at the best of times, but when accents and dialects are factored in it becomes a real test of a linguist’s skills. So anyone hoping to use free software to translate something where accents are involved should give up now!

You may think that producing translations where the source includes a variety of dialects is something you’ll rarely be called upon to do, but everything from classic works of literature to Disney films makes use of accents as a way of fleshing out characters. By simply wiping all accents out, and making all of the characters speak a standardised version of the target language, the translator significantly alters the way the character is perceived by the reader.

Accents and Dialects: A Thorny Issue for Translators | Language Insight

Nelson Mandela famously said “If you talk to a man in a language he understands, that goes to his head. If you talk to him in his language, that goes to his heart.” That’s exactly why businesses need to consider regions as well as languages by using a localised translation service and dialect translator when translating content.

Translating Dialects And Interpreting Accents - Global Voices

Lost sales opportunities. Lost depth of character. Miscommunication between two people who, in theory, speak the same language. Glossing over differences between accents and dialects can be a recipe for disaster in all sorts of situations.

Would all of the characters in Mark Twain’s The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn be as good if their dialogue was blankly rendered into standard American English? Would a misused dialect word instantly kill off your chances of connecting with your new target audience?

Accents and Dialects in Translation

Much has been said about translation’s challenges, joys, and nuanced politics of choice – of the decision-making it necessitates. Perhaps not many people think simultaneously in two (or more) languages, two cultures, two texts as intimately as a translator. In the course of engaging with the rewarding art of translating a text – and translating a reader, as the writer, poet and translator A K Ramanujan saw it – I found myself struck by thoughts on language and specifically on literature in India, far more than I wanted to be, some days. These evolving, shape-shifting metaphors and ideas started with an untethered phrase: ‘to translate with an accent’...

I submit to you this: could we as translators cultivate a practice of translating with an accent? And editors and readers process it and read it, respectively, while noticing said accent? I understand this is a tricky premise to begin with, for the lines between foreignisation and domestication are constantly shifting, the blurriness between the choices blurred further by the translator’s own language, experiences, and so on. But what if we could find a way to retain a phrase here, a word there, to remind the reader that the text comes from another language; that, in reading an unfamiliar word, they have just learnt something new, have learnt a word which they might never use themselves but whose meaning, should they see it again, they might remember? In doing so, in my case, Kannada gains another reader. It goes without saying that there is a fine balance to be sought, between keeping some source language and ensuring a reader in English (in this case) is not met with an impenetrable target text. Here is where I shall argue that we, as various parties in this transfer between cultures, should, instead of trying to contort the source language to fit the English idiom, look for ways to stretch English so that it too can speak somewhat with the accent of the original language. Because, devoid of the musicality with which retained accents enrich the translation, we would remain separate languages and cultures, condemned to bear the burden of the proper in our unaccommodating, un-elastic cultural lives.

Working in the English language as an Indian with many languages is a process in negotiating with its politics every other day. Decolonising the mind, and then our outer worlds, and therefore our culture is but a lifelong attempt. In the meanwhile, though, I wonder if perhaps we could see the English language, in this context, for its elasticity. Language is meant to stretch this way and that; when an elastic band snaps back in place, it often no longer retains its perfect round shape. When we speak with an accent, write with one, translate with many, the palimpsest of language loses not much, but stretches across the artificiality of bridges and borders. Like that only, as we would say here in India.

To Translate with an Accent – PEN Transmissions

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Friday 1 December 2023

why is google not as good as it used to be?

The Google serch engine is not as it was - and for many reasons:

Look up a search term that can also be a product — asthma inhalers, for example — and you will need to scroll past up to four large adverts before reaching non-sponsored results. Search for clothing and the entire first page will be companies hoping to make a sale. Even non-ad results can look like wrong answers, with links full of buzzwords so Google gives them a higher ranking.

When it launched in the late 90s, Google Search was one of many search engines. But Larry Page and Sergey Brin’s PageRank algorithm, which organised websites by the number of times they were linked to other pages, meant their search engine was best at bringing up relevant results. It quickly became the most popular.

In theory, users would up sticks and go elsewhere if the service was in decline. But Google Search has no real competitors. When did you last use Microsoft search engine Bing or DuckDuckGo? The prevalence of Google’s Chrome browser and the fact that it pays Apple to be the default search engine give it a huge advantage. DuckDuckGo also claims Google’s rivals struggle because they cannot crawl, or visit, the same number of sites looking for links.

Whatever happened to Google Search?

What Happened To Google Search? - YouTube

With discussions on forums from the last couple of years:

What the hell happened to Google? : r/AskTechnology

What happened to Google search? It has become nearly impossible to find relevant results. : r/google

And more recently, it's all about AI and algorithms:

The future of Google Search is AI. But not in the way you think. The company synonymous with web search isn’t all in on chatbots (even though it’s building one, called Bard), and it’s not redesigning its homepage to look more like a ChatGPT-style messaging system. Instead, Google is putting AI front and center in the most valuable real estate on the internet: its existing search results.

AI is coming to Google search through Search Generative Experience - The Verge

Sounds great:

AI platforms and their impact on Google search - Digital Balance

But it isn't...

There is no easy way to explain the sum of Google’s knowledge. It is ever-expanding. Endless. A growing web of hundreds of billions of websites, more data than even 100,000 of the most expensive iPhones mashed together could possibly store. But right now, I can say this: Google is confused about whether there’s an African country beginning with the letter k.

I’ve asked the search engine to name it. “What is an African country beginning with K?” In response, the site has produced a “featured snippet” answer—one of those chunks of text that you can read directly on the results page, without navigating to another website. It begins like so: “While there are 54 recognized countries in Africa, none of them begin with the letter ‘K.’”

This is wrong. The text continues: “The closest is Kenya, which starts with a ‘K’ sound, but is actually spelled with a ‘K’ sound. It’s always interesting to learn new trivia facts like this.”

Given how nonsensical this response is, you might not be surprised to hear that the snippet was originally written by ChatGPT. But you may be surprised by how it became a featured answer on the internet’s preeminent knowledge base. The search engine is pulling this blurb from a user post on Hacker News, an online message board about technology, which is itself quoting from a website called Emergent Mind, which exists to teach people about AI—including its flaws. At some point, Google’s crawlers scraped the text, and now its algorithm automatically presents the chatbot’s nonsense answer as fact, with a link to the Hacker News discussion. The Kenya error, however unlikely a user is to stumble upon it, isn’t a one-off: I first came across the response in a viral tweet from the journalist Christopher Ingraham last month, and it was reported by Futurism as far back as August. (When Ingraham and Futurism saw it, Google was citing that initial Emergent Mind post, rather than Hacker News.) ...

Perhaps someday these tools will get smarter, and be able to fact-check themselves. Until then, things will probably get weirder. This week, on a lark, I decided to ask Google’s generative search tool to tell me who my husband is. (I’m not married, but when you begin typing my name into Google, it typically suggests searching for “Caroline Mimbs Nyce husband.”) The bot told me that I’m wedded to my own uncle, linking to my grandfather’s obituary as evidence—which, for the record, does not state that I am married to my uncle.

A representative for Google told me that this was an example of a “false premise” search, a type that is known to trip up the algorithm. If she were trying to date me, she argued, she wouldn’t just stop at the AI-generated response given by the search engine, but would click the link to fact-check it. Let’s hope others are equally skeptical of what they see.

Google’s Relationship With Facts Is Getting Wobblier - The Atlantic

There is a lot of scepticism and confusion out there:

Google's Searchbot Could Put Me Out of a Job - The Atlantic

And it's happening with all search engines:

What is happening with search engines? Why are all the results so unhelpful lately? : r/NoStupidQuestions

But there might be other places to try:

21 Great Search Engines You Can Use Instead Of Google




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