Sunday, 30 November 2014

milgram experiment

Another very controversial study in psychology:

The experimenter (E) orders the teacher (T), the subject of the experiment, to give what the latter believes are painful electric shocks to a learner (L), who is actually an actor and confederate. The subject believes that for each wrong answer, the learner was receiving actual electric shocks, though in reality there were no such punishments. Being separated from the subject, the confederate set up a tape recorder integrated with the electro-shock generator, which played pre-recorded sounds for each shock level.^[1]

Milgram experiment - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The Milgram experiment is the name for a number of controversial experiments. These were about psychology. They were done by a psychologist called Stanley Milgram in the 1960s. Milgram wanted to show that people will follow orders, even if following these orders is against their conscience, which he proved. 65% of participants (acting as "teachers") gave electric shocks of increasing strength to a man they thought was in very bad pain. However, Milgram found that some of the "teachers" became very nervous. For example, they would laugh and be unable to control it.^[1]

Before Milgram did his experiment, he asked fourteen Yale University psychology students what they thought the results would be. On average, the students thought that 1.2% of the "teachers" would give the biggest electric shock of 450 volts.

Milgram wrote about the experiment in his book Obedience to Authority: an experimental view. It was published in 1974. Milgram's experiments have been done again by many psychologists, with very similar results.

The experiment has been mentioned numerous times in pop culture. In the graphic novel V for Vendetta Dr. Surridge said that he has lost faith in humanity because of the experiment. In 2013 there was a conference about it at Nipissing University in Canada.

Milgram experiment - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Perhaps the most important study ever performed in the field of Social Psychology

Milgram Obedience Study - YouTube

Here is an updated version:

Milgram's Obedience to Authority Experiment 2009 1/3 - YouTube

Here' an excellent overview:

Philip Zimbardo: The Milgram Experiment - YouTube

Although there are questions about the experiment:
Stanley Milgram and the uncertainty of evil - Ideas - The Boston Globe
Famous Milgram 'electric shocks' experiment drew wrong conclusions about evil, say psychologists - Science - News - The Independent

There are some excellent resources for ESL students:
English for ESL psychology students: The Milgram Obedience Experiment
Stanley Milgram: Experiment, Obedience & Quiz - Video & Lesson Transcript | Education Portal
The Perils of Obedience — English
milgram experiment / the wave (morton rhue)
English Room: The Milgram experiment
ESL 500 Spring 2014

See also:
Jay Doubleyou: jane elliott - brown eyes vs blue eyes
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Saturday, 29 November 2014

jane elliott - brown eyes vs blue eyes

A very controversial experiment:

Jane Elliott Brown Eyes vs Blue Eyes - YouTube
A Class Divided English Subtitles - YouTube

Here's the full video - on the Opra Winfrey show:
A Class Divided by Jane Elliott FULL DOC. (1985) Blue Eyes Brown Eyes Exercise - YouTube

And a documentary - on Channel Four:
The Event: How Racist Are You? with Jane Elliott (Channel 4) (FULL) - YouTube

And an interview with Jane Elliott:
Brown Eyes, Blue Eyes: Interview With Jane Elliott On Racism - YouTube

Here is the full series - on American public broadcasting:
Watch The Program | A Class Divided | FRONTLINE | PBS

Here's an overview - from the BBC:

Jane Elliott and the Brown Eyes, Blue Eyes Exercise

In 1968, Jane Elliott was just another American schoolteacher. She taught third and fourth grade (eight to nine-year-olds) children at a school in Riceville, Iowa, which was a very typical, all-white, small American town.
Jane had tried to introduce her students to the idea of racial equality. She had even appointed Martin Luther King as the class's 'Hero of the Month', but she struggled to explain what racism was really like to the all-white class. They seemed keen to learn, but had never seen a black person in real life.
After the assassination of Martin Luther King, Jane tried a more direct exercise to bring the truth home about racial discrimination. It was an exercise which was to change her life.
Jane Elliott told her pupils a pseudo-scientific explanation of how eye colour defined people: blue eyes showed people who were cleverer, quicker, more likely to succeed. They were superior to people with brown eyes, who were described untrustworthy, lazy and stupid1. She then divided the class according to who had brown eyes and who had blue eyes. To ensure clarity of divisions - given that some eye colours might be subject to dispute, she used ribbons to mark out the 'inferior' brown-eyed children (those with clearly different eye colours acted as bystanders). To reinforce the situation, she gave the superior group extra classroom privileges, and would not let the brown-eyed children drink from the same water fountain. She made a point of praising the blue-eyed children, and being more negative to the browns.
Jane Elliott was amazed at the speedy transformation in her class. The superior blue-eyed children became arrogant, and were bossy and unpleasant to their brown-eyed class mates. The brown eyes quickly became cowed and timid, even those that had previously dominated the class. But what really astounded Jane was the difference academically. Blue-eyed children improved their grades, and managed mathematical and reading tasks that had proved out of their grasp before. Brown-eyed high-flyers stumbled over simple questions.
A few days later, Jane Elliott told her class that she had the information about melanin the wrong way round, and swapped the colour superiorities over. The brown-eyed children tore off their now-hated ribbons, and the situations quickly reversed.
Jane Elliott had proved - more dramatically than she had ever thought possible - how much discrimination is soaked up subconsciously, by both the oppressor and the oppressed. She had not told her pupils to treat each other differently, only that they were different; and yet they developed the characteristic responses of discrimination. Jane Elliott felt that they did this because they had already absorbed discriminatory behaviour from their parents and other adults. On the plus side, she had also proved that racism can be unlearnt as quickly as it can be learnt. She had also found an excellent way of demonstrating what it feels like to be the subject of discrimination.
Jane's exercise - which she repeated with subsequent classes each year - did not make her popular with many of her neighbours. Her family was victimised, and her father forced into bankruptcy. Parents would refuse to have their children taught by the 'n****r-lover'. For much of the time she had the support of her superiors in the education system, so that as news of her exercise spread, she was able to appear on television shows, and even start to repeat the exercise in professional training days for adults.
But by the 1980s, her bosses felt they could no longer support her dual roles by providing unpaid leave, and she left school-teaching to become a full-time 'diversity trainer'. She took the Brown Eyes/Blue Eyes exercise, and other work, out to colleges, and government, professional and community groups across the world. In these training sessions, she usually puts the brown eyed attendees in the superior position. As these groups are more likely to be mixed race, this ensures that the people feeling the discrimination are more likely to be white, who are less likely to be used to it. She uses choice of language and tone, removal of basic rights (such as being allowed to speak without permission) and a constant shifting of rules to discomfort the blue-eyed participants. At the same time she uses positive language, praise and encouragement to the brown-eyed people. Even assertive, intelligent professionals have expressed their surprise at how quickly they start to mirror the trainer's behaviour, and how thoroughly they become affected by this technique, even at a two hour seminar. Jane Elliott then hammers home the point: people who are the subject of real discriminations cannot call a halt to the misery and frustration at the end of the afternoon. Jane Elliott started her exercise to point out racial discrimination: now she uses it to highlight sexism, ageism and homophobia too.
And what of Jane Elliott's original classes? These children had gone home after the exercise and told their parents that racism was wrong, and it was a lesson that stayed with them. Reunions and interviews have shown that the children remember the exercise and are positively affected by it, feeling that it makes them more empathic and sensitive.

1 This is, of course, false. Determination of eye colour is affected by melanin, and has nothing to do with a person's intelligence, honesty or worth.

Discuss this EntryPeople have been talking about this Guide Entry. Here are the most recent Conversations:
Means to an end.... (Last Posting: Oct 26, 2006)
Another Experiment (Last Posting: Oct 27, 2004)
Thought-provoking (Last Posting: Aug 19, 2003)

BBC - h2g2 - Jane Elliott and the Brown Eyes, Blue Eyes Exercise - A1132480

See also:
Jane Elliott - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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city guides in english

You don't have to read about London or New York to read about a city in English....

Although there are some good resources out there:

Sightseeing in Town - Randal's esl lab

City Guide of Canadian Cities

There are guides to every city in the world - in English...

Photo: Christian Kerber

GUIDE TO MUNICH

Getting There

There are direct flights to Munich from 13 U.S. airports.

Where to Stay

Bayerischer Hof

2–6 Promenadeplatz; 49-89/21200; bayerischerhof.de; doubles from $490.

Hotel Cortiina

GREAT VALUE Intimate, newly expanded boutique hotel with a central but tucked-away location. 8 Ledererstrasse; 49-89/242-2490; cortiina.com; doubles from $355.

Mandarin Oriental

Perennial favorite occupying an 1870’s building, with recently renovated rooms. 1 Neuturmstrasse; 800/526-6566 or 49-89/290-980; mandarinoriental.com; doubles from $755.

Where to Eat

Blue Spa and Restaurant

Mediterranean-inspired fare in a cozy-chic Andrée Putman–designed space. 2–6 Promenadeplatz; 49-89/212-0875; bayerischerhof.de; dinner for two $160.

Brenner

15 Maximilianstrasse; 49-89/452-2880; dinner for two $140.

Café Maria

97 Klenzestrasse; 49-89/2024-5750; brunch for two $30.

Saf im Zerwirk

3 Ledererstrasse; 49-89/2323-9191; dinner for two $85.

Schumann’s

Known for its glamorous bar scene; also serves delicious Continental home cooking. 6–7 Odeonsplatz; 49-89/229-060; dinner for two $110.

What to Do

BMW World and BMW Museum

1 Am Olympiapark; 49-18/0211-8822; bmw-welt.com.

Die Neue Sammlung

15 Türkenstrasse; 49-89/272-7250;die-neue-sammlung.de.

Fünf Höfe

Theatinerstrasse; fuenfhoefe.de.

Soda

3 Rumfordstrasse; 49-89/2024-5353; sodabooks.com.

T+L’s A-List Travel Agents for 2008

The city of lederhosen and beer steins is having a design moment. T+L inspects the Bavarian capital’s new restaurants, shops, museums—and much more.

From October 2008 By Aric Chen

For much of the world, Munich is likely to evoke one or more stereotypical images, among them the Glockenspiel in the tower of the neo-Gothic Rathaus, or city hall; the annual Oktoberfest bacchanal; and mustachioed men wearing lederhosen. Style, a word generally not associated with lederhosen, doesn’t spring to mind. But these days Munich, Germany’s third-largest city and the capital of Bavaria, is shedding its dirndls and feathered caps in favor of cutting-edge design.

Until my latest visit, I hadn’t thought much of the city. I had traveled there twice—once as a backpacking teenager lured by the promise of copious beer, and again about 10 years later—and in my more sober moments Munich seemed a bit of a bore. It was as if the Wittelsbachs were still holed up in the royal palace: the spires of Baroque churches soared above winding streets, throngs followed the pied-piping Glockenspiel to the Marienplatz (the historic main square), and the Odeonsplatz and tony Maximilianstrasse presided with Italianate decorum. Munich was charming, elegant, and postcard-perfect—but often as riveting as a boiled Bavarian potato. It was a well-preserved time warp rebuilt after World War II with a hint of self-satisfied, Disneyesque preciousness.

That’s no longer the case. “In some ways, Munich has always been a creative city,” says Christian Haas, a young local designer, over drinks at Heyluigi, a bustling boîte in the fashionable Glockenbach neighborhood, where a herd of wall-mounted plastic animals is the primary décor. “But it’s changed a lotin recent years,” he adds.

As Munich celebrates its 850th birthday this year, its historic center remains pleasantly intact—though it’s now also home to a new synagogue and a Jewish Museum, designed by German firm Wandel Hoefer Lorch and opened in 2007. They are signs not just of a reinvigorated Jewish community but of a burst of innovation, powered by a strong economy (companies like BMW and Siemens call Munich home) and by the global boom in contemporary design. Driving in from the airport, one sees the evidence immediately: there’s the Allianz soccer stadium, an illuminated doughnut completed for the 2006 World Cup by vanguard Swiss architects Herzog & de Meuron. Closer to town are the BMW Museum and the glittering new BMW World, a car-delivery center accessorized with restaurants and shops. The swooping glass-and-steel leviathan, designed by Austrian firm Coop Himmelb(l)au, looks like a spaceship touching down.

Munich’s New Modern Design - Articles | Travel + Leisure

There are resources on non-English-speaking cities for learners of English:

The ESL One Frankfurt Survival Guide

Korean Cities And Korean Provinces Guide

City Guide | MY ESL CHINA

And so many cities have so many interesting associations:

Jay Doubleyou: cities and cinema

Jay Doubleyou: cities and music

scoop.it - resources for learning english

Monica Mirza has put together a fantastic resource - with loads of interesting links:

EFL-ESL, ELT, Education | Language - Learning - Teaching - Educating

EFL-ESL, ELT, Education | Language and Educational Spheres

Curated by Monica MIRZA

Scooped by Monica MIRZA

Scoop.it!

Building independent thinking -beyond the comfort zone ! | Learning neurology - Judy WILLIS | EFL-ESL, ELT, Education | Language - Learning - Teaching - Educating | Scoop.it

From www.edutopia.org - November 12, 10:23 AM

Monica MIRZA's insight:

Also see

>> http://www.radteach.com/

her "Reach and Discover" blog - "when a Neurologist becomes a classroom teacher, Brain Learning Research promotes teaching strategies."

Scooped by Monica MIRZA

Scoop.it!

From www.theguardian.com - October 10, 4:55 PM

Scooped by Monica MIRZA

Scoop.it!

From www.youtube.com - September 24, 8:05 PM

Monica MIRZA's insight:

Full lesson on http://ed.ted.com/lessons/comma-story-terisa-folaron "It isn't easy holding complex sentences together (just ask a conjunction or a subordinate) [...]"

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Finement réalisé, aussi bien sur le plan visuel que sur le plan didactique. Les images animées illustrent l'exposé avec justesse, clarté etbeaucoup d'humour : A1 !

Rescooped by Monica MIRZA from Teaching and Learning

Scoop.it!

From ngm.nationalgeographic.com - September 13, 1:33 PM

Scooped by Monica MIRZA

Scoop.it!

From www.theguardian.com -September 13, 11:08 AM

Monica MIRZA's insight:

"[...] Despite the difficulties, Black regards learning foreign languages as FUN, and treats the endeavour like A PUZZLE that has TO BE SOLVED [...].

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(Capital letters of my own)

Scooped by Monica MIRZA

Scoop.it!

From edl.ecml.at - August 27, 8:03 AM

Scooped by Monica MIRZA

Scoop.it!

Pupils creating travel journals that make bright textbooks ! | Normal Park Museum Magnet School | EFL-ESL, ELT, Education | Language - Learning - Teaching - Educating | Scoop.it

From www.youtube.com - August 20, 11:59 AM

Monica MIRZA's insight:

Inspirational !

There are many ICT tools to help achieve such textbooks but I guess paper, glue, scissors, pencils & hands might as well be enough to create nice objects/books :-)