Monday, 26 May 2014

european elections: euroscepticism in germany

Following on from a look at the European Parliamentary elections
Jay Doubleyou: european elections: euroscepticism across the continent
it seems that Germany also has its Eurosceptics:

German Eurosceptics gain votes in blow for Angela Merkel

New Eurosceptic party Alternative for Germany gained ground, winning seven seats



Chancellor Angela Merkel’s ruling Christian Democrats have been dealt an embarrassing blow by Germany’s new Eurosceptic party which won seven percent of the vote in the European election, putting the party on course to enter national parliament for the first time.
The Alternative for Germany (AfD) , which wants Europe’s crisis countries, including Greece and France, to leave the Eurozone and aims to retrieve powers from Brussels, won seven seats in the European parliament and hopes to co-operate with Britain’s Conservatives.
Bernd Lucke, the AfD’s economics professor leader told jubilant supporters in Berlin on Sunday after his party’s success: “ The established parties are the losers in this election because they failed to address citizens’ concerns and problems. We are the new party of the people in Germany,” he declared.
Post election analysis showed that the AfD owed its most of its success to former Christian Democrat voters who switched their allegiance to the new eurosceptic party, which could enter Germany’s national parliament for the first time if its popularity continues. The party also won support from sections of the electorate which normally don’t vote.
For the first time, Mrs Merkel now finds herself confronted with a conservative political opponent which is both growing in strength and at loggerheads with her policies on Europe. Her party remained Germany’s biggest political force in polling on Sunday but her Social Democrat coalition partners made significant gains.
German Eurosceptics gain votes in blow for Angela Merkel - Telegraph

An interview with one of the AfD party candidates:

German AfD candidate: 'The EU is upside down'

"Switzerland is for referenda. So are we." The Eurosceptic Alternative for Germany (AfD) could win up to 7% in the European elections on 25 May. [Patrick Timmann]
"Switzerland is for referenda. So are we." The Eurosceptic Alternative for Germany (AfD) could win up to 7% in the European elections on 25 May. [Patrick Timmann]
A new decision-making structure, less EU level competences, and Latin as the official language in Brussels are just some improvements Beatrix von Storch says would help turn the EU right-side up.
Beatrix von Storch is fourth on the list of the Eurosceptic Alternative for Germany’s (AfD) candidate list for the 2014 European elections. If the AfD reaches 7%, as current opinion polls predict, she could win a seat in the European Parliament. She spoke with EurActiv Germany’s Patrick Timmann.
Where on the political spectrum would you categorise the Alternative for Germany (AfD) party?
That is not so easy. On many topics, our positions overlap with those of various other parties. I recently attended an event with European Commission President José Manuel Barroso. There were anti-Fascists in the back of the room chanting slogans like "Stop the Troika!". I can agree with them on that, for instance. The anti-Fascists reject austerity policy imposed by national representatives and a Troika that is not elected, and the AfD is doing that as well. 
But for completely different reasons. 
Yes and no. I consider the undemocratic regulation of policy through the Troika to be wrong. We see how brutal austerity policy is harming the people in Greece. Now it is primarily about interest earnings and redemption sums for creditors to generate profits on the backs of the people. We clearly reject this. Whether this position is left or right, I do not know. It is just correct.
German AfD candidate: 'The EU is upside down' | EurActiv

And from the Economist today:

Germany's European elections

Germany gets a real Alternative


THE largest country in the European Union did not make the largest news this time. No Eurosceptic "shock" or "earthquake" rippled through German politics as it shook France, Britain and other member states. It was more like a deep-mantle rumbling, one that may shift German politics more slowly.

First, the losers. Most obviously, these include Germany's once-grand liberal party, the Free Democrats (FDP). They continued their slide into irrelevance, getting a mere 3.4% of the vote, compared with 11% in 2009. They are no longer a factor in German politics for the time being.

Less obviously, the losers also include the nominal victors: the centre-right camp of Angela Merkel, the chancellor. It is composed of Mrs Merkel's party, the Christian Democrats (CDU), and its Bavarian sister party, the CSU. With 35.3% of votes, this "union" of the two remains Germany's largest delegation to Strasbourg. But it did worse than in 2009, when it got 37.9%. In domestic politics, this counts as a setback. Almost all of the loss, moreover, occurred in Bavaria, where the the CSU had dabbled in soft-Eurosceptic innuendo during the campaign.

The main winner is the closest thing Germany has to a Eurosceptic party, the one-year old Alternative for Germany, led by Bernd Lucke, an economics professor (pictured above introducing his Strasbourg team a few hours ago). The Alternative claims to be only anti-euro, not anti-EU. Mr Lucke says he wants no part in a coalition with actual Eurosceptics in Strasbourg and will instead start talks with Britains Tories and other conservative parties. But even this milder form of anti-Brussels rhetoric marks a permanent change in Germany, where such talk has been taboo until now. The Alternative got 7%. It now has a good chance of entering state parliaments in Saxony, Brandenburg or Thuringia in their regional elections this summer. It could even enter the federal Bundestag in 2017. The mainstream parties can no longer simply ignore it.

Germany's European elections: Germany gets a real Alternative | The Economist

A nice report from the BBC earlier this month:
BBC News - German Euroscepticism - a milder variety

And more details from the German press in English today:
Eurosceptics and SPD celebrate EU vote gains - The Local
SIDEBAR German eurosceptic party enters European Parliament By Jean-Baptiste Piggin, dpa | EUROPE ONLINE
German AfD tries to shake off 'Tea Party' tag | Germany | DW.DE | 21.05.2014
.
.
.

the right to vote

RT, the 24-hour TV news channel in English, has made a very graphic point - that in 'western democracies' prisoners do not have the right to vote - but in the Ukraine they do:



A prisoner serving a life sentence fills out a ballot paper before casting his vote in a mobile ballot box in the maximum security zone of the Sofiyevskaya prison in the town of Volnyansk in the Zaparozhye region on May 25, 2014. — RT Ukraine elects president amid national rift

In 2008 over 5.3 million people in the United States were denied the right to vote because of felony disfranchisement. Approximately thirteen percent of the United States' population is African American, yet African Americans make up thirty-eight percent of the prison population.
Felony disenfranchisement - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

In Germany the law even calls on prisons to encourage prisoners to vote. Only those convicted of electoral fraud and crimes undermining the "democratic order", such as treason are barred from voting, while in prison.
Felony disenfranchisement - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

See also:
Votes for prisoners | Politics | The Guardian
BBC News - UK inmates lose right to vote ruling
.
.
.

european elections: euroscepticism across the continent

Across the EU, there has been a rejection of the status quo.
Here is coverage from EuroNews:


France’s National Front and Britain’s UKIP were among Eurosceptic parties to make big gains in the European Parliament elections.
Both parties, according to preliminary results, topped the vote in their respective countries.
Anti-EU parties also polled strongly in Denmark and Italy.
The trend, though, was bucked in Greece, where anti-austerity sentiment is thought to have driven radical-left party Syriza to victory.
Voter turnout is estimated to have been the same as 2009, at around 43%.
Early offical projections have put the centre-right EPP grouping ahead in the European Parliament, with 212 out of 751 seats.
But the group lost around 60 seats, compared with 2009.
But that did not stop the EPP’s nomination for the European Commission presidency, Jean-Claude Juncker, from claiming he was ‘entitled’ to the post.
One of his closest rivals, Martin Schulz, leader of the socialist grouping, refused to concede victory.
This election is the first time votes cast will have to be taken into account when choosing the next president of the European Commission.
EU leaders will now meet on Tuesday and begin negotiations with the European Parliament to choose the next EC president.
The favourite will be Juncker but he must gain a majority in the European Council and European Parliament.
One of the largest democratic events in the world, the European Parliament elections span across four days, 28 countries and almost 400 million citizens are being called to decide who they want to represent them in the European parliament for the next five years.
Re-live our election night coverage



EU Elections Night 2014: Results, reactions, exit polls - YouTube

The English-language media across the continent reports:
Eurosceptics make big gains in EU polls - Europe - Al Jazeera English
EU Elections: Major gains for Eurosceptic and Far Right movements | InSerbia News
EU Elections 2014: A redrawing of Europe’s political tribes? | euronews, world news
New European Parliament has no time to waste | European Elections 2014 | DW.DE | 25.05.2014

France:
France's far-right 'earthquake' rocks EU camp < French news | Expatica France

Denmark:
Danish far right party wins in EU elections, doubles mandate | EurActiv

Germany:
Merkel's center-right set to be big winner in EU elections - exit polls - News - World - The Voice of Russia

Italy:
Live blog: EU elections in Italy 2014 - The Local

Sweden:
Socialists win by landslide in Sweden as voters punish governing parties | EurActiv

Ireland:
Elections 2014: Labour woe continues with initial European results - Political News | Irish & International Politics | The Irish Times - Sun, May 25, 2014

Spain:
Popular Party Wins European Election In Spain But Loses 2.6 Million Votes Compared To 2009 | The Spain Report

Hungary:
Hungary’s ruling party scores majority in European Parliament vote as far-right eclipses divided left | Politics.hu

Greece:
Exit Polls Show SYRIZA Wins EU Battle, New Democracy Reels | GreekReporter.com
.
.
.

Saturday, 24 May 2014

just a minute

One of the most popular programmes on British radio
- and one you can play yourself:
Just a Minute‏‎
Learning English with Michelle: Speak English for "Just A Minute"
Just A Minute|ESL Listening and Speaking Game|Elizabeth Claire
ESL Cafe's Idea Cookbook - Just a minute
Speaking – Long turn (Just a minute!) | Magical TEFL

For example - with these great animations:
BBC - Comedy - Clips from 'Just a Minute Reloaded'

And we've just had a three-hour special:

Image for Without Hesitation

Listen now180 mins
Listen in pop-out player

Without Hesitation

AVAILABILITY:
'Nicholas Parsons - he's an institution'. That's what Just a Minute listeners think. And so too is the classic comedy panel game that he's chaired since its first broadcast on 22nd December 1967, on the new BBC Radio 4.
Nicholas Parsons celebrates six decades and counting of dodging deviation, hurdling hesitation and repelling repetition, with performances from some of shows greatest players, including Clement Freud, Derek Nimmo, Peter Jones, Kenneth Williams, Paul Merton, Linda Smith, Stephen Fry, Tony Hawks, Julian Clary and Graham Norton.
Nicholas talks about how he rather accidently became the chairman. He remembers his friend and creator of the game, the late Ian Messiter. And wonders how he survived the challenges of all those unruly panellists. And Paul Merton recalls his joy and worry when he appeared on the show for the first time. He went from being its greatest fan to being behind the microphone
.

BBC Radio 4 Extra - Just a Minute, Without Hesitation

Lots of clips:
BBC Radio 4 - Just a Minute
Just A Minute - Peter Cook 1979 1 (1/3) - YouTube
Just a Minute (Kenneth Williams as Chairman) 1969 - YouTube
Just A Minute (Tribute by Tom Edwards) - YouTube

Lots of info about the programme:
Just a Minute - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

A blog from New Zealand: there are fans all around the world:
Just A Minute blog

Another fan site:
Welcome to Just A Minute!

It's been on TV:



Just A Minute TV Ep2 1/2 - YouTube
.
.
.

the future of work

The subject of over-work has been keeping many commentators busy:
Futures Forum: "A shorter working week would make us healthier, give us more fulfilling and sustainable lives and be better for the environment..."
This column will change your life: stop being busy | Life and style | The Guardian

This comment is from a couple of days ago - and summarises many of the arguments:

The British have solved unemployment, 

once and for all


Marketplace Morning Report broadcasts all week from London.
I am anchoring Marketplace Morning Report from London this week. While on the road, I am scouting for big ideas and I may have found a doozy.
Some iconoclastic economic thinkers just over the river in the Vauxhall area of London have constructed a device that wipes out unemployment.
Roll this baby out into the economy and everyone who wants to have a job would get a job. If it works as promised, not just Britain but the rest of the developed world including the U.S., could have full employment.
Outsourcing of jobs to poorer parts of the world? No problem. Robots and algorithms taking away human jobs, not to worry. And what is this device that would solve what is one of the greatest and most persistent economic problems?
Well, it is not a device in the sense of an electronic contraption. But it is a mechanism, a policy mechanism that is being put forth by experts at the New Economics Foundation here in London, among others. The idea is quite simple (although implementation will be tougher; I'll get to that in a moment).
Here is the idea: the 21-hour work week.
The NEF's proposal allows people to choose to work fewer hours. For the purposes of my discussion, let's do it by official decree: the order comes down that people can only work about half the hours they work now. That means it would take two people to do what is now one job. I do six shows a day as we roll through the time zones, including our ever-popular podcast.
With a 21-hour work week, I might do three of them a day and leave early. That means we could hire one more anchorman. Two people have jobs instead of one. Sure, the boss might try to cut my pay nearly in half, but if every working woman and working man was being paid less, prices should eventually drift downward to compensate.
Think of the benefits. If I were only working 21 hours in a week, I would have more time to do volunteer work, write a book, read a book, ride my bicycle, clean the basement -- more time to be a more balanced human being.
Yet, what might employers say about this 21-hour work week device to rid the developed world of unemployment once and for all? They generally don't like the idea much. You see, if there are two people doing the work of one -- that means two health care plans, two company pensions -- which could be a huge expense.
This suggests the 21-hour work week is more likely to come first to countries (like those in Europe) that have universal health care.
Another criticism that comes to mind about chopping the work week down the middle in order to produce full employment? Possible effects on income inequality. People who live off their wages and salaries as their hours are cut would find their incomes dropping (and their free time rising). People who live off their assets, their investments, might not see the same kind of decline in income. This might widen the gap between the richest and everyone else.
It is not just the New Economics Foundation here in London pushing a voluntary version of this. Up the road in Scotland, a policy group called the Jimmy Reid Foundation is trying to make the case for Scots working few hours. And, with all due respect to our UK hosts this week, the idea has a tradition in the U.S. as well. Not a glorious tradition, but a tradition. In 1933, President Franklin Roosevelt apparently put a stop to a bid to cap the American work week at 33 hours.
Even with the mass unemployment of the Great Depression, shorter work weeks were seen as just too radical a notion.
The British have solved unemployment, once and for all | Marketplace.org


With an excellent article last month in the Independent, from Tom Hodgkinson of the Idler:

Campaigners call for 30-hour working week to allow for healthier, fairer society - and more time for fun

Bring it on, says Tom Hodgkinson, editor of 'The Idler'

TOM HODGKINSON  Thursday 24 April 2014


Back in the 1930s, economists, intellectuals and trade union leaders were united in the belief that a shorter working day was fast approaching. The machines would shoulder more and more of the toil, they believed, leaving lots of time off for workers.

A three- or four-day week would be ample to procure the necessities of life. The increase in leisure would be spent pursuing healthy recreations such as philosophy, dancing, sewing, cooking and wandering through the woods collecting mushrooms. This was the view of John Maynard Keynes, who wrote in 1930 that by 2030 all economic problems would have been solved and the only issue left to deal with would be how to enjoy doing nothing without having a nervous breakdown.

He was, perhaps surprisingly, an opponent of the work ethic. “We have been trained too long to strive and not to enjoy,” he wrote in his essay “Economic Possibilities for our Grandchildren”, predicting that in 100 years’ time, “We shall honour those who can teach us how to pluck the hour and the day virtuously and well, the delightful people who are capable of taking direct enjoyment in things, the lilies of the field who toil not, neither do they spin.”


Campaigners call for 30-hour working week to allow for healthier, fairer society - and more time for fun - UK Politics - UK - The Independent


It's really quite a hot subject:

THE CASE FOR A SHORTER WORKING WEEK

On 5 May 2014 the BBC reported on a study from researchers at the University of Leeds that suggested the UK economy could benefit from fewer working hours. The report discusses the findings that say having more time to relax means people are more productive. It is something that some business groups have disputed.
On 21 April 2014, Professor of Economics and Political Economy, David Spencer, appeared on BBC Radio 4’s World at One news programme. His interview begins 26 minutes into the programme.

Professor Spencer put forward the case for creating a short working week. He argued the economic advantages, where evidence suggests that productivity can be increased with shorter working hours. He also spoke about the social advantages of being able to spend more time with families, the personal gains to health and the environmental benefits of working less.

Using the Netherlands as an example, Professor Spencer showcased the nation as a success story. He argued that they have comparable living standards to the UK, but work shorter hours through work sharing, and doing part time hours. Professor Spencer also used Kellogg’s as an example, saying that their experiment with a 28 hour working week had resulted in increased productivity.

Professor Spencer stressed that people in the UK are working long hours through necessity, not choice. He argued that he is supporting the development of legislation to give people more choices for flexible working.


Listen again to the interview on BBC Radio until Monday 28 April 2014 

Read Professor Spencer’s blog on the case for a shorter working week at The Conversation
The case for a shorter working week - News & Events - Leeds University Business School


There's been quite a debate going on in France about the right work-life balance:

'Mais, non!' French frustration at 'after hours' work emails translates into union agreement. How has it come about and could it work here? - Lexology
What the French E-mail Meme Reveals About America’s Runaway Culture of Work | The Nation


There is a long tradition in campaigning for shorter working hours:

THE CONQUEST OF BREAD
Peter Kropotkin: 1892

When we take into account how many, in the so-called civilized nations, produce nothing, how many work at harmful trades, doomed to disappear, and lastly, how many are only useless middlemen, we see that in each nation the number of real producers could be doubled. And if, instead of every 10 men, 20 were occupied in producing useful commodities, and if society took the trouble to economize human energy, those 20 people would only have to work 5 hours a day without production decreasing.


The Conquest of Bread: Chapter 8 Ways and Means
The Conquest of Bread - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Center for a Stateless Society » The Great Domain of Cost-Plus: The Waste Production Economy


But during the 1930s Depression, the idea gained mainstream currency:

Kellogg's Six-Hour Day

Benjamin Kline Hunnicutt

"Do we live to work or work to live? The question of how important work is in our lives is central to Hunnicutt's study of Kellogg's daring social experiment, which began in 1930 and lasted until 1985.... [I]t could serve as a wake up call for a nation in big trouble if the jobless future comes to pass." 
—Publishers Weekly

On December 1, 1930, at the start of the Great Depression, W.K. Kellogg replaced the traditional three daily eight-hour shifts in his cereal plant with four six-hour shifts. By adding on a new shift he and his managers created jobs for employees that the company had laid off and for other unemployed persons in Battle Creek, Michigan.

Kellogg's six-hour day was the pinnacle of a hundred-year process that cut working time virtually in half. Kellogg Management, propelled by a vision of Liberation Capitalism, insisted that six hours would revolutionize society by shifting the balance of time from work to leisure--from economic concerns to the challenge of freedom.


Benjamin Kline Hunnicutt: Kellogg’s Six-Hour Day

In 1930, the Kellogg Company announced that most of its factories would shift towards 30 hour work weeks, from the usual 40. W.K. Kellogg stated that he did this so that an additional shift of workers would be employed in an effort to support people through the depression era. This practice remained until World War II, and continued briefly after the war, although some departments and factories remained locked into 30 hour work weeks until 1980.

Kellogg's - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

As Benjamin Hunnicutt explains in his book Kellogg’s Six-Hour Day, Brown and Kellogg wanted to do more than save jobs. They hoped to show that the “free exchange of goods, services, and labor in the free market would not have to mean mindless consumerism or eternal exploitation of people and natural resources.” Instead “workers would be liberated by increasingly higher wages and shorter hours for the final freedom promised by the Declaration of Independence—the pursuit of happiness.”


To be sure, Kellogg did not intend to stop making a profit. But the company leaders argued that men and women would work more efficiently on shorter shifts, and with more people employed, the overall purchasing power of the community would increase, thus allowing for more purchases of goods, including cereals.


The Gospel of Consumption | Jeffrey Kaplan | Orion Magazine


To finish, a couple of very insightful, more recent pieces:

What happened to the six-hour workday? - The Week
The Oil Drum | The Four Day Work Week: Sixteen Reasons Why This Might Be an Idea Whose Time Has Come.
.
.