bilingual teaching today

You can learn anything through English or any other language:

Content and language integrated learning - Wikipedia

CLIL has come a long way over the last decade:

Jay Doubleyou: clil: content and language integrated learning

If you google 'clil' today, most of the news pieces are in languages other than English:

clil - Google Search

It is of great interest all over the world - and an issue for great debate: 

Bilingual Taiwan By 2030 – Doable? Necessary?

Under the push of CLIL (Content and Language Integrated Learning), the three hours of English class per week would extend learning English through other subjects, calling into question whether or not students could absorb comprehensive knowledge – of the subject matter being taught – through the language being used.

Bilingual Taiwan By 2030 - Doable? Necessary? - The Taiwan Times

Language experts and teachers in primary and secondary schools discuss the pros and cons of a system that many feel has failed to provide the desired skills

In recent years, an educational trend has gained new traction, one that holds that a pure British accent – the Queen’s English – no longer has to be the one that prevails when teaching, learning or using English to communicate. This trend, known as ELF (English as a lingua franca), favors a more neutral pronunciation where the goal is to get the message across.
“The important thing now is being able to communicate; the purity of the accent is a thing of the past,” holds María Luisa Pérez, a professor of English studies at Jaén University and a leading researcher on this issue.
This line of thinking bears a relationship to the debate on whether the bilingual Spanish-English education model used in some public schools in Spain is really up to par, considering that some regions – which have devolved powers over education – ask teachers for a B2 level, indicating fluency but not proficiency as defined by the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFRL). Other regions require teachers to prove a C1 level, for proficient users of the language.
In recent years, nearly 90 centers have dropped out of the bilingual education system, viewing it as ineffective. But Pérez, just like other experts, warns that many people simply have the wrong idea of what a bilingual model really does. “It’s a mistake to think that children will end up speaking English just like they speak Spanish; the goal is for them to achieve a functional level that will let them communicate and work in the future,” she explains...

Learning English: Defenders of bilingual education in Spain: ‘It’s a mistake to think that students will speak English like they do Spanish’ | Society | EL PAÍS English Edition

More US schools teach in English and Spanish, but not enough to help Latino kids

Classes taught in both languages help students from various backgrounds, but many districts have fought to keep Spanish out of schools.

The programs can be tough to implement. Hurdles include a debate over the best way to teach English learners, public hostility against those who speak a native language other than English, shortages of bilingual teachers and even the fact that dual-language programs often grow fastest in areas where upper-income parents ask for them. That's good for children who participate, but it worries advocates who want to see language-minority students have equal access.

More US schools teach in Spanish, but not enough to help Latinos

A lot of language schools in the UK are offering specialist classes:

Overseas Teachers of English | Sidmouth International School

CLIL Courses for Teachers: Specialized TEFL/TESOL Certification in Content and Language Integrated Learning

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english as a post-colonial language

This is from a very interesting piece from the latest issue of EL Gazette:

Can we disentangle TEFL from its colonial past?

By Alice Rodgers -28th September 2021

... it was actually during the historical period after colonialism (so-called ‘post-colonialism’, although the idea that there has ever really been a ‘post’ period to colonialism has been hotly contested by scholars and writers alike) that the spread of English as a lingua franca really flourished. Post-colonial theory maintains that this was a time during which empires were looking for methods of conserving the subservience of previously colonised countries (see Postcolonialism: An Historical Introduction by Robert JC Young, 2016). As Suhanthie Motha explains in her book Race, Empire, and English Language Teaching (2014), this is what is stamped on the profession that we, as TEFL teachers, occupy today.

This idea that English is a tool for the enlightenment and civilisation of certain uneducated people still persists. A great deal of research has gone into analysing the prevalence of this sort of neo-colonialist thinking within TEFL materials (see Linguistic Colonialism in the English Language Textbooks of Multinational Publishing Houses by Jairo Eduardo Soto-Molina and Pilar Méndez, 2020, for example). It is common to see the reproduction of old colonial notions of Self and Other (a concept developed by Gayatri Spivak in her essay Can the Subaltern Speak?, 2010). We see presented a modern, forward- thinking, educated (English-speaking) society, which is contrasted with a society that is static, conservative and uneducated. One acts as an active transmitter of knowledge and the other a submissive receiver of knowledge. There is little room for interculturality and English is presented as the dominant, most economically useful global language.

Within this we see the glorification of the native speaker who, regardless of educational or professional experience, is appraised as the worthier teacher. This is something that Robert Phillipson famously discussed in his book Linguistic Imperialism (1992). He looked at how ‘native-speaker supremacy’, as well as English- only policies within the classroom and the idea that using other languages in the classroom reduces English standards contributes towards the hegemony of English...

Can we disentangle TEFL from its colonial past? | E L Gazette

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With links to the books here:

Amazon.com: Race, Empire, and English Language Teaching: Creating Responsible and Ethical Anti-Racist Practice (Multicultural Education): 9780807755129: Motha, Suhanthie, Banks, James A.: Books

Linguistic Imperialism - Wikipedia

Linguistic Imperialism (Oxford Applied Linguistics): 9780194371469: Business Development Books @ Amazon.com

Linguistic Colonialism in the English Language Textbooks of Multinational Publishing Houses | HOW Journal

Postcolonialism: An Historical Introduction | Wiley

Postcolonialism: An Historical Introduction: Young, Robert J. C.: 9781405120944: Amazon.com: Books

Can the Subaltern Speak? | Columbia University Press

Amazon.com: Can the Subaltern Speak?: Reflections on the History of an Idea: 9780231143851: Morris, Rosalind: Books

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And more here:

Jay Doubleyou: empire 2.0 and the 'imperial nostalgia' driving the british culture war

Jay Doubleyou: what's a 'native speaker' of english? part two

Jay Doubleyou: othering

Jay Doubleyou: challenging white supremacism in australia and new zealand

Jay Doubleyou: "we need to insist on english as our language in this country."

Jay Doubleyou: racial issues

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a critique of psychology

Everyone likes to see 'history' in a certain way:

Jay Doubleyou: rewriting history

THE DATE 1917:

Of course a lot of dates are 'significant', but let's look at 1917:

The Windsor Family:

House of Windsor - Wikipedia

Britain’s King George V changes royal surname - HISTORY

British royal family change their name to Windsor - archive 1917 | Monarchy | The Guardian

Russian Revolution:

Putin Likes to Pretend the Russian Revolution Never Happened - The Atlantic

Putin, wary of political tumult, shuns Russian Revolution centenary | Reuters

Revolution, what revolution? Russians show little interest in 1917 centenary | Russia | The Guardian

Balfour Declaration:

More than a century on: The Balfour Declaration explained | Middle East | Al Jazeera

The contested centenary of Britain’s ‘calamitous promise’ | Israel | The Guardian

Britain's true motivation behind the Balfour Declaration - Opinion - Haaretz.com

Zionism, anti-semitism, and the Balfour Declaration | openDemocracy

USA entering WWI:

7 Ways U.S. Entry Into WWI Changed the World – Foreign Policy

The first world war helped shape modern America. Why is it so forgotten? | First world war | The Guardian

At A Hefty Cost, World War I Made The U.S. A Major Military Power : Parallels : NPR

Here's a little more on that last date:

Jay Doubleyou: the first world war: triumph and pride ... or ... tragedy and sorrow?

Jay Doubleyou: how is world war one seen in different countries

FREUD:

In particular, the psychology behind it:

Jay Doubleyou: propaganda, public relations and manufacturing consent

Freud transformed the way we think:

Curtis ends by saying that, "Although we feel we are free, in reality, we—like the politicians—have become the slaves of our own desires," and compares Britain and America to 'Democracity', an exhibit at the 1939 New York World's Fair created by Edward Bernays.

The Century of the Self - Wikipedia

The Century of the Self - Top Documentary Films

'It's much too easy really just to claim the old democratic patrician culture was better,' he says. 'People in a consumer society probably have more fun, certainly have more things, and we find those things comforting, enjoyable, and who is to say there is anything wrong with that? But we have also, perhaps, become trapped by an idea, and it has got into every corner of our lives.'

If you look around you, it is hard not to agree with this observation. The sovereignty of the Self is reflected back on us from every angle. Apart from the fact that the purchase of every canned drink or deodorant requires us to locate the hero inside ourself, our television, for example, is increasingly dedicated - from Trisha to Changing Rooms to Pop Idol - to Self-help and Self-improvement and Self-creation. We find collective comfort in celebrity; we like to colonise another Self, and treat it like our own. Our bestseller lists, from Harry Potter to Bridget Jones to A Boy Called It, reflect different kinds of wish-fulfilment.

Business culture, which expects more and more of its employees' time, also spends more and more money on making those employees feel self-empowered and self-motivated.

In this respect, the genie of the Self has already escaped the bottle. One logical conclusion of Curtis's argument is that business will eventually take over the functions of government, since it is much better, more effective, at simply satisfying people's desires than any politician ever was. This is something that Bernays predicted. In an interview when he was 100, the father of public relations allowed that he may have created something of a monster.

'Everyone has a press agent now,' he said, 'or a media consultant or communications director or whatever you want to call it. Sometimes,' he suggested, 'it seems sort of like having discovered a medicine to cure a disease, and then finding out that so much of it is being administered that people are getting sick from the overdoses.'

How Freud got under our skin | Education | The Guardian

He gave us the 'Third Revolution':

BBC Radio 4 - A History of Ideas, Historian Justin Champion on Francis Bacon, The Fourth Revolution

He definitely changed how we think - as this English lesson from the VOA shows:

How Sigmund Freud Changed What People Thought About the Mind

WE ARE ALL INDIVIDUALS:

Indeed, some would say he 'atomised' people:

Atomized individualism - definition of Atomized individualism by The Free Dictionary

Atomism (social) - Wikipedia

Individualism - Wikipedia

Microsoft Word - Individualisation

(PDF) Freud as an example of amplifying the individualistic view of the self | Qixiu Fu - Academia.edu

To what extent, then, are we responsible for our own problems - that we only have ourselves to blame?

Michael Sandel: The tyranny of merit | TED Talk

Jay Doubleyou: the tyranny of merit: we are not self-made or self-sufficient

Jay Doubleyou: meritocracy

Jay Doubleyou: don’t think you’re lucky? think again

THE MEDICALISATION OF LIFE'S PROBLEMS:

Perhaps one of the strongest criticisms of modern medicine, including psychiatry, is that it has 'medicalised' problems:

In the 1975 book Limits to medicine: Medical nemesis (1975), Ivan Illich put forth one of the earliest uses of the term "medicalization". Illich, a philosopher, argued that the medical profession harms people through iatrogenesis, a process in which illness and social problems increase due to medical intervention. Illich saw iatrogenesis occurring on three levels: the clinical, involving serious side effects worse than the original condition; the social, whereby the general public is made docile and reliant on the medical profession to cope with life in their society; and the structural, whereby the idea of aging and dying as medical illnesses effectively "medicalized" human life and left individuals and societies less able to deal with these "natural" processes.

Medicalization - Wikipedia

Medicalization of Social Problems | SpringerLink

When it comes to psychiatry, there's a whole list over what is 'normal/abnormal behaviour':

DSM-5 - Wikipedia

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders - Wikipedia

Jay Doubleyou: how normal behavoiur becomes a mental disorder

BEHVAVIOURISM:

How can you 'engineer' people?

HUMAN RESOURCES Social Engineering In The 20th Century HQ FULL - YouTube

Jay Doubleyou: human resources as social engineering

By observing their behaviour - and predicting, and so controlling, their behaviour:

Behaviorism | Simply Psychology

Behaviorism - Wikipedia

Although it's been replaced by other therapies, behaviourism is still very influential:

A June 2002 survey listed Skinner as the most influential psychologist of the 20th century.[17]

B. F. Skinner - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

It's all rather creepy:

5 Creepy Ways Video Games Are Trying to Get You Addicted | Cracked.com

Jay Doubleyou: behaviourism >>> krashen... pinker... skinner... chomsky

And it's how education works today:

Researchers like Edward L. Thorndike build upon these foundations and, in particular, developed a S-R (stimulus-response) theory of learning. He noted that that responses (or behaviours) were strengthened or weakened by the consequences of behaviour. This notion was refined by Skinner and is perhaps better known as operant conditioning – reinforcing what you want people to do again; ignoring or punish what you want people to stop doing.

In terms of learning, according to James Hartley (1998) four key principles come to the fore:

• Activity is important. Learning is better when the learner is active rather than passive. (‘Learning by doing’ is to be applauded).
• Repetition, generalization and discrimination are important notions. Frequent practice – and practice in varied contexts – is necessary for learning to take place. Skills are not acquired without frequent practice.
• Reinforcement is the cardinal motivator. Positive reinforcers like rewards and successes are preferable to negative events like punishments and failures.
• Learning is helped when objectives are clear. Those who look to behaviourism in teaching will generally frame their activities by behavioural objectives e.g. ‘By the end of this session participants will be able to…’. With this comes a concern with competencies and product approaches to curriculum.

infed.org | The behaviourist orientation to learning

Jay Doubleyou: behaviourism >>> and learning objectives >>> and the common european framework

So, what are your 'learning objectives'?

Jay Doubleyou: a critique of learning objectives

Jay Doubleyou: 'learning by objectives' vs 'process-based learning' vs 'open-ended learning'

Jay Doubleyou: metrics, targets and measuring everything

PSYCHOLOGY IS EVERYWHERE TODAY:

It looks as though neuroscience, or 'neurobabble', is here to stay:

Jay Doubleyou: cognitive science and developmental neuroscience

Finally, psychology really is everywhere today:

Jay Doubleyou: how to define masculinity

Jay Doubleyou: is there a link between adhd and creative thinking?

Jay Doubleyou: paulo freire and the tabula rasa

Jay Doubleyou: the psychology of lies and why we fall for them

Jay Doubleyou: psychology at work

Jay Doubleyou: power, prison and punishment: the stanford experiment

Jay Doubleyou: the wave: lessons in manipulation

Jay Doubleyou: you can't get success and happiness through positive thinking

Jay Doubleyou: mindfulness: "too many people are avoiding using their brains"

Jay Doubleyou: milgram experiment

Jay Doubleyou: "smile or die": the false promises of positive thinking

Jay Doubleyou: the men who made us spend

Jay Doubleyou: the men who made us spend

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english literature in the south west of england

The South West of England has many literary associations:

South West England - Wikipedia

Jane Austen:

Jay Doubleyou: archaic language part four

Thomas Hardy:

Jay Doubleyou: the man who sold his wife

Arthur Conan Doyle: Sherlock Holmes:

Sherlock Holmes - Wikipedia

Hound of the Baskervilles 1959 Original Trailer - YouTube

Agatha Christie:

Murder, She Said (1961) - Trailer - YouTube

Jay Doubleyou: archaic language part 2

Daphne du Maurier:

Kermode Uncut: My Top Five Daphne du Maurier Film Adaptations - YouTube

Jamaica Inn (1939) Alfred Hitchcock- Adventure, Crime Full Length Movie - YouTube

Rebecca - 1940 (subtitrat) HD - YouTube

John Fowles:

Scene on The Cobb, Lyme Regis - from The French Lieutenant's Woman (1981) - YouTube

The Collector (1965) - I Know All About You - YouTube

Richard Doddridge: Lorna Doone;

Lorna Doone - Wikipedia

Lorna Doone 1951 - YouTube

Rosamunde Pilcher:

Culture - South West Coast Path

Rosamunde Pilcher Land @ Sidmouth - Vision Group for Sidmouth

Welcome to Rosamunde Pilcher Country - Vision Group for Sidmouth

Hilary Mantel:

Hilary Mantel - Wikipedia

WOLF HALL Trailer | Season 1 | Damian Lewis - YouTube

There's more:

Revel in England's literary landscapes | VisitEngland

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the bildungsroman in english literature

In Czech literature we famously have a story about someone who makes it through the system - from war's beginning to the end:

The Good Soldier Švejk - Wikipedia

There are similar stories in English literature:

The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling, often known simply as Tom Jones, is a comic novel by English playwright and novelist Henry Fielding. It is a Bildungsroman and a picaresque novel. It was first published on 28 February 1749 in London and is among the earliest English works to be classified as a novel.^[1] It is the earliest novel mentioned by W. Somerset Maugham in his 1948 book Great Novelists and Their Novels among the ten best novels of the world.^[2]

The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling - Wikipedia

Vanity Fair is an English novel by William Makepeace Thackeray, which follows the lives of Becky Sharp and Amelia Sedley amid their friends and families during and after the Napoleonic Wars. It was first published as a 19-volume monthly serial from 1847 to 1848, carrying the subtitle Pen and Pencil Sketches of English Society, which reflects both its satirisation of early 19th-century British society and the many illustrations drawn by Thackeray to accompany the text. It was published as a single volume in 1848 with the subtitle A Novel without a Hero, reflecting Thackeray's interest in deconstructing his era's conventions regarding literary heroism.^[1] It is sometimes considered the "principal founder" of the Victorian domestic novel.^[2]

Vanity Fair (novel) - Wikipedia

The Personal History, Adventures, Experience and Observation of David Copperfield the Younger of Blunderstone Rookery (Which He Never Meant to Publish on Any Account), commonly known as David Copperfield,^{[N 1]} is a novel in the bildungsroman genre by Charles Dickens, narrated by the eponymous David Copperfield, detailing his adventures in his journey from infancy to maturity. It was first published as a serial in 1849–50, and as a book in 1850.

David Copperfield is also an autobiographical novel:^[2] "a very complicated weaving of truth and invention",^[3] with events following Dickens's own life.^[4] Of the books he wrote, it was his favourite.^[5] Called "the triumph of the art of Dickens",^[6][7] it marks a turning point in his work, separating the novels of youth and those of maturity.^[8]

David Copperfield - Wikipedia

Great Expectations is the thirteenth novel by Charles Dickens and his penultimate completed novel. It depicts the education of an orphan nicknamed Pip (the book is a bildungsroman, a coming-of-age story). It is Dickens's second novel, after David Copperfield, to be fully narrated in the first person.^{[N 1]} The novel was first published as a serial in Dickens's weekly periodical All the Year Round, from 1 December 1860 to August 1861.^[1] 

Great Expectations - Wikipedia

Kim is a novel by Nobel Prize-winning English author Rudyard Kipling. It was first published serially in McClure's Magazine from December 1900 to October 1901 as well as in Cassell's Magazine from January to November 1901, and first published in book form by Macmillan & Co. Ltd in October 1901. The story unfolds against the backdrop of The Great Game, the political conflict between Russia and Britain in Central Asia. The novel popularized the phrase and idea of the Great Game.^[1]

Kim (novel) - Wikipedia

With more here:

What Is a Bildungsroman? Definition and Examples of Bildungsroman in Literature - 2021 - MasterClass

What Is Bildungsroman | Its Origin & Plot Outline | Literary Term ( English Literature ) - YouTube

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everyman in literature

Czech literature has its everyman:

The Good Soldier Švejk - Wikipedia

It started in English literature with morality plays in the Middle Ages:

Everyman (play) - Wikipedia

This Wikipedia article

Everyman - Wikipedia

... gives some good examples:

Winston Smith (Nineteen Eighty-Four) - Wikipedia

Dr. Watson - Wikipedia

> Sherlock and John's First Meeting | A Study In Pink | Sherlock | BBC - YouTube

Arthur Dent - Wikipedia

> MARTIN FREEMAN Funny Scene of Hitchhiker's Guide To The Galaxy🤣 - YouTube

> Arthur meets Trillian - YouTube

> Martin Freeman is the English Everyman | Comparative Geeks

Leopold Bloom - Wikipedia

> BLOOM FILM - EXTRACT 05 - YouTube

The Narrator (Fight Club) - Wikipedia

> Fight Club: Narrator's Weekdays (1999) [HD] - YouTube

Again:

The Everyman

Summary: The everyman character archetype often acts as the stand-in for the audience. This character archetype is just a normal person, but for some reason, he or she must face extraordinary circumstances. The everyman can be the protagonist or a supporting figure. Unlike the hero, the everyman does not feel a moral obligation to his or her task; instead, these characters often find themselves in the middle of something they have barely any control over. Unlike the hero, the everyman archetype isn't trying to make a great change or work for the common good: these characters are just trying to get through a difficult situation.

Examples of everyman archetypes in literature: Dr. John Watson is the epitome of the everyman archetype. Sidekick to the infamous Sherlock Holmes, Watson is perfectly content being Holmes' right-hand man. His plainness contrasts Holmes's eccentricities, and he is assumed to be on the same average level as the reader. Another example of the everyman archetype in literature is Arthur Dent of The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy. He's just a regular guy minding his own business when he's suddenly saved from the destruction of his entire planet. Normal dude, extraordinary circumstances.

5 Common Character Archetypes in Literature | Scribendi

Back to Czech literature:

Franz Kafka - Wikipedia

Here's a lesson plan:

Everyman Hero Definition | Everyman Examples

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english easy readers - audio books

We love stories - especially if someone else is reading them to us.

There are some great audio books online to listen to - and at all sorts of different levels.

LEVEL ONE:

Jay Doubleyou: on-line stuff for a1 and a2 levels - reading

LEVEL TWO:

Learning English through story: White Fang 01/08 - YouTube

Learning English through story: White Fang 02/08 - YouTube

LEVEL THREE:

Jay Doubleyou: oxford graded reader and bbc film: hard times by charles dickens

Learn English through story | Graded reader level 3: Frankenstein - YouTube

PUBLISHERS:

Jay Doubleyou: graded english readers

ACTIVITIES AND MORE:

Jay Doubleyou: practical dictation > online texts and audio

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gerald hüther

Gerald Hüther is not well-known in the English-speaking world, but According to German magazin Manager Magazin, Hüther is 'the most famous neuroscientist in Germany'[10]

Gerald Hüther - Wikipedia

More than that:

Hüther is a sharp critic of the current school system in Germany, thinking the schools there treat children like objects.[15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] He is of the opinion that schools in Germany are deliberately so bad that they produce as minor voters as possible and thus the needs of as many people as possible are disregarded, whereby they seek as many substitute satisfactions as possible, ("[...] so that we have enough customers for the rubbish that we want to sell them here [...]").[19] He thinks that schools are a waste of money because they are too inefficient.[23]

Hüther is also against the Schulpflicht (a German law forcing young people to go to a school) because it is 'the most terrible thing that can ever happen to you'; if you ask young people why they go to school and their only answer is "Because I have to".[19] He thinks that children want to learn[24] and supported the 2019 feature film CaRabA #LebenohneSchule, initiated by Bertrand Stern, which introduces unschooled, free-educated people.[25][26]

Gerald Hüther - Wikipedia

His ideas as a neuroscientist and as an educationalist come together:

Gerald Hüther is neuroscientist at the University of Göttingen and strongly believes that our brains need some other input than straw. He is member of the expert group for the future of learning in the Federal Chancellor's Office and the council for cultural education in Germany.

Every child begins his life like a hero's journey: brave and confident, open-minded and capable of building relationships, with an urge to discover and to create, equipped with a brain in which we find as many networking options as are needed to learn anything relevant to a healthy and fulfilled life at any place of the world. And then, we send them to school, where their desire to learn rapidly changes into witless frustration. Neither genetic dispositions, nor their brain, but the inopportune learning experiences at school, cause this significant change. Instead of searching for their hidden talents and strengths, teachers would teach, test and select them, as if their brains were barrels meant to be stuffed with knowledge. Instead of reminding of encouraging eyries, most schools equal crammed hen coops. That must change!

How schools can be changed to base camps for heroes' journeys: Gerald Huether at TEDxKoeln 2013 - YouTube

Some of his books have been translated into English:

Co-Creativity and Community: Amazon.co.uk: Huther, Gerald: 9783525462300: Books

How does the brain learn? – Prof.Dr. Gerald Hüther | Educare alla libertà

The Compassionate Brain by Gerald Hüther - Penguin Books Australia

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