learning theory: constructivism

There are lots of theories out there as to how we actually learn:
Jay Doubleyou: learning theory: a short guide

One in particular is 'constructivism':

Constructivism as a paradigm or worldview posits that learning is an active, constructive process. The learner is an information constructor. People actively construct or create their own subjective representations of objective reality. New information is linked to to prior knowledge, thus mental representations are subjective.

Contents

Contributors
Key Concepts
Resources and References

• Lev Semyonovich Vygotsky (1896 – 1943)^[1]
• Jean Piaget (1896 – 1980)^[2]
• John Dewey (1859 – 1952)
• Jerome Seymour Bruner (1915 – 2016)

Constructivism - Learning Theories

One problem now is that the ideas of Vygotsky are now seen as a total fabrication:
Lev Vygotsky - Wikipedia

Nevertheless, there are some great practical ways of using these ideas:
Jay Doubleyou: play and learning

From Wikipedia:

Constructivism in education is an epistemological perspective of learning focused on how students actively create (or “construct”) knowledge out of their experiences. 
Emphasis is placed on agency and prior "knowing" and experience of the learner, which is often determined by their social and cultural contexts environment. 
While Behaviorist models of learning may help understand what students are doing, educators also need to know what students are thinking, and how to enrich what students are thinking.^[1]

Contents

• 1History
• 2Individual
  • 2.1Constructivist learning intervention
    • 2.1.1The nature of the learner
      • 2.1.1.1The importance of the background and culture of the learner
      • 2.1.1.2Responsibility for learning
      • 2.1.1.3The Harkness discussion method
      • 2.1.1.4The motivation for learning
  • 2.2The role of the instructor
    • 2.2.1Instructors as facilitators
    • 2.2.2Learning is an active process
    • 2.2.3Good relationship between instructor and learner
    • 2.2.4Collaboration among learners
      • 2.2.4.1The importance of context
  • 2.3The selection, scope, and sequencing of the subject matter
    • 2.3.1Knowledge should be discovered as an integrated whole
    • 2.3.2Engaging and challenging the learner
    • 2.3.3The structuredness of the learning process
    • 2.3.4In adult learning
• 3Pedagogies based on constructivism
  • 3.1Supportive research and evidence
• 4Criticism
  • 4.1A rebuttal to the criticisms of Kirschner, Sweller, and Clark
  • 4.2Criticism of discovery-based teaching techniques
  • 4.3The math wars and discovery-based teaching techniques
  • 4.4Importance of structure in constructivist learning environments
• 5Confusion between constructivist and maturationist views
• 6Radical constructivism
• 7Relational constructivism
• 8Social constructivism
• 9Communal constructivism
• 10Influence on computer science and robotics
• 11See also
• 12References
• 13Further reading
• 14External links

Constructivism (philosophy of education) - Wikipedia
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